1. 1 The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World Dr. James L. Hoff Research Director Craig Silvertooth Executive Director

2. 2 Few Major Building Systems Offer As Many Energy & Environmental Benefits… … And Few Major Building Systems Are Installed as Frequently as Roofs! The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World Why Sustainable Roofing?

3. 3 The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World Energy / Environmental Benefits Increased Energy Efficiency Clean Energy Production Cleaner Air & Water Reduced Material Waste Extended Building Life Cycle

4. 4 1 Billion Sq. Ft. 3 Billion Sq. Ft. New Construction Re-Roofing North American Low-Slope Roofing Market (Billions of Square Feet, 2006) Each year, 4 billion square feet of commercial roofs are installed in North America, exceeding new commercial construction by a factor of 4! The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World The Roofing Multiplier Effect Source: TEGNOS Research, Inc. 2008

5. 5 1.High R Roofs 2.Cool Roofs 3.Rooftop Energy Production 4.Roof Daylighting 5.Rooftop Water Management 6.Roofing Material Management 7.Roof Life Cycle Management The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World Sustainable Roofing Opportunities Energy Environment

6. 6 Sustainable Roofing Opportunities High R Roofs

7. 7 What is a High R Roof? “A High R Roof is a roof that provides a level of thermal resistance (R) substantially higher than current minimum standards and practices.” Center For Environmental Innovation In Roofing Knowledge Center ( http://roofknowledge.org/main/energyefficientroofs/highrroofs/whatisahighrroof )http://roofknowledge.org/main/energyefficientroofs/highrroofs/whatisahighrroof

8. 8 High R Roofs Why High R Roofs? Globally: Locally: Most effective way to reduce green house gas emissions between now and 2030 Increasing federal, state & local incentives available Established economic payback

9. 9 ASHRAE Climate Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 “Old” ASHRAE 90.1 -1999 10 15 20 25 “New” ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007 15 20 25 30 Typical City Example Miami Houston Atlanta Baltimore Chicago Milwaukee Minneapolis Minimum R-Values: Low-Slope Commercial Roof Insulation High R Roofs Current ASHRAE Minimum Standards First major increase in roof R values since 1972… “Proposed” ASHRAE 189.1P 1 20 25 30 35 … with more increases to follow soon 1 Third public review draft, May, 2009.

10. 10 High R Roofs R-Value & LEED ASHRAE 90.1-2007 LEED 2009 Minimum** 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Energy Savings Target Baseline 10% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40% 44% 48% Proportional Roof R-Value* 20.0 22.2 22.7 23.8 25.0 26.3 27.8 29.4 31.3 33.3 35.7 38.5 Source: Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing. Note: Chart is applicable for buildings within ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5 - from Houston, Texas to Chicago, Illinois. Target energy savings and proportional roof insulation R-values will be lower in Zone 1 and higher in Zones 6 and 7. For a detailed analysis of a specific building in a specific location, ASHRAE 90.1-2007 should be consulted. LEED 2009 (v3) New Building Energy Savings Targets (ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5) * Roof R-Value Needed to Achieve Proportional Energy Savings **Minimum LEED 2009 (v3) Prerequisite Proportional Roof U-Value* 0.050 0.045 0.044 0.042 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.032 0.030 0.028 0.026 LEED Points Available: (EA Credit 1)

11. 11 High R Roofs R-Value & LEED ASHRAE 90.1-2007 LEED 2009 Minimum** 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Energy Savings Target Baseline 5% 10% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40% 44% Proportional Roof R-Value* 20.0 21.1 22.2 22.7 23.8 25.0 26.3 27.8 29.4 31.3 33.3 35.7 Source: Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing. Note: Chart is applicable for buildings within ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5 - from Houston, Texas to Chicago, Illinois. Target energy savings and proportional roof insulation R-values will be lower in Zone 1 and higher in Zones 6 and 7. For a detailed analysis of a specific building in a specific location, ASHRAE 90.1-2007 should be consulted. LEED 2009 (v3) Existing Building Energy Savings Targets (ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5) * Roof R-Value Needed to Achieve Proportional Energy Savings **Minimum LEED 2009 (v3) Prerequisite Proportional Roof U-Value* 0.050 0.045 0.044 0.042 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.032 0.030 0.028 0.026 LEED Points Available: (EA Credit 1)

12. 12 Sustainable Roofing Opportunities Cool Roofs

13. 13 “A cool roof interacts with solar radiation to reduce solar heat transfer from the roof into the building and reduce ambient air temperatures above the roof surface.” Center For Environmental Innovation In Roofing Knowledge Center (http://roofknowledge.org/main/energyefficientroofs/coolroofs/whatisacoolroof)http://roofknowledge.org/main/energyefficientroofs/coolroofs/whatisacoolroof Cool Roofs What is a Cool Roof?

14. 14 Cool Roofs Why Cool Roofs? Building Energy Savings Heat Island Reduction Peak Electricity Reduction Atlanta, GA Standard Rate:Summer Peak Rate: $$$$ 19721993

15. 15 Cool Roofs Where are Cool Roofs Useful? In climates with warm, sunny summers In areas considered Urban Heat Islands In areas with increased peak electricity rates, demand charges, and interruptible supply agreements

16. 16 Cool Roofs Cool Roofing Options Cool Vegetated Roofs Reducing Heat Build- Up By Reflecting the Sun’s Rays Cool Reflective Roofs A Traditional Alternative Using Transpiration & Thermal Mass LEED 2009 Cool Roofing Options 1 1 LEED SS Credit 7.2

17. 17 Cool Roofs Cool Roofing Options Cool ReflectiveCool Vegetated +Variety of material and color options +Little or no initial cost premium –May lose some reflectivity with age +Potential environmental benefits in addition to cool roofing –Increased weight and depth requirements –Cost premium LEED 2009 Cool Roofing Options 1 1 LEED SS Credit 7.2

18. 18 Green Roofing Opportunities Rooftop Energy

19. 19 Rooftop Energy Why Rooftop Energy? Direct Access to Sun and Wind Low Cost “Energy Real Estate” Close to the Customer / Close to the Grid Expanded Federal, State & Local Incentives Rapidly Approaching “Grid Parity”

20. 20 Rooftop Energy Current Technologies Photovoltaics (PV) Solar Thermal Combined PV / Solar Thermal Roof-Mounted Wind Turbines

21. 21 Green Roofing Opportunities Roof Daylighting

22. 22 Roof Daylighting Why Roof Daylighting? Easy to install or retrofit in typical low-rise commercial buildings Proven energy savings / high return on investment when integrated with building lighting system Increasing federal, state & local incentives available

23. 23 Roof Daylighting Current Technologies Passive Systems Capture, Reflect & Direct Daylight Active Systems Follow the Sun to Maximize Sunlight Capture Integrated Systems Combine Solar and Electric Lighting in an Integrated Package

24. 24 Green Roofing Opportunities Rooftop Water Management

25. 25 Rooftop Water Management Why Rooftop Water Management? Reduced storm water runoff Improved water quality in rivers and lakes Cities with Combined Sewer Systems Combined sewer system are remnants of the country's early infrastructure and so are typically found in older communities. Combined sewer systems serve roughly 772 communities, home to over 40 million US citizens.

26. 26 Rooftop Water Management Water Management Options Vegetated OptionsBallasted Options Retaining Storm Water Runoff with Planting Media & Moisture Retention Mats Retaining Storm Water Runoff with Moisture Retention Mats … Plus Hybrid Vegetated / Ballasted Options Combining the best of both alternatives

27. 27 Rooftop Water Management Water Management Options VegetatedBallastedHybrid +Possible LEED credits (SS Credits 6.1 & 6.2) +LEED cool roof credit (SS credit 7.2) –Cost premium +Opportunity to optimize economics & benefits +LEED cool roof credit for 50% vegetated +Possible LEED credit (SS Credits 6.1) +Low initial cost

28. 28 Sustainable Roofing Opportunities Roofing Material Management

29. 29 Roofing Material Management Why Roofing Material Management? 160 Million Tons Of Construction Waste 40 Million Tons of Roofing Waste 25%+ of Total Construction Waste Annual U.S. Landfill Waste Source: US EPA (1998)

30. 30 Roofing Material Management Current Recycling Options Asphalt Shingles / Wood Shakes: Local and regional recyclers are developing roof recycling programs. Single-Plies: Several roofing manufacturers and trade associations have initiated recycling programs for some single-ply membranes. Metal Roofing: The metal industries have well-established recycling programs. Insulation: A new organization has started a successful national recycling program for foam insulation boards

31. 31 Sustainable Roofing Opportunities Roof Life Cycle Management

32. 32 Sustainable Roofing Opportunities Roof Life Cycle Management Roof Asset Management Preventative Maintenance Programs Not only extend the roof life cycle, but the life cycle of the entire building

33. 33 The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World Sustainable Roofing Resources Online Energy Calculators Federal, State & Local Energy Incentives Federal Stimulus Project Resources Cool Roofing Resources Renewable Energy & Daylighting Resources Vegetated Roofs / Water Management Resources Roof Recycling Resources Roof Life Cycle Management Resources

34. 34 High R Insulation & Energy Savings –NRCA “EnergyWise” (http://energywise.specright.net/)http://energywise.specright.net/ –Calculates roof energy costs per ASHRAE 90.1 –Allows comparison between roofing alternatives –Provides printable summary with charts & graphs Cool Roofing & Energy Savings –DOE Cool Roofing Calculator (http://www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/facts/CoolCalcEnergy.htm)http://www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/facts/CoolCalcEnergy.htm –Calculates annual heating / cooling savings for cool roofs –Allows comparison between roofing alternatives –“CoolPeak” option for areas with peak demand charges Sustainable Roofing Resources Online Energy Calculators

35. 35 Sustainable Roofing Resources Federal, State & Local Energy Incentives Federal Tax Incentives Assistance Project –http://www.energytaxincentives.org/http://www.energytaxincentives.org/ –Information on Commercial Building Energy Efficiency Tax Deduction –Information on Solar Energy Investment Tax Credit Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency –http://www.dsireusa.org/http://www.dsireusa.org/ –Covers both energy efficiency & renewable energy incentives –Includes state and local programs, including utilities Green Roofs Tree of Knowledge –http://greenroofs.org/grtok/index.phphttp://greenroofs.org/grtok/index.php –Covers community incentives for vegetated roofing systems

36. 36 Sustainable Roofing Resources Federal Stimulus Information Construction Stimulus Special Section –http://www.construction.com/stimulus/default.asphttp://www.construction.com/stimulus/default.asp –Information by market sector (Federal buildings, state projects, local schools) –Sponsored by McGraw Hill Federal Stimulus Construction Project Leads –http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/construction-project-leads/infrastructure/http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/construction-project-leads/infrastructure/ –Free downloadable regional reports –Sponsored by Reed Construction Data

37. 37 Sustainable Roofing Resources Cool Roofs Cool Roof Rating Council –http://www.coolroofs.orghttp://www.coolroofs.org –Third-party certifier of cool reflective roof ratings –Resource for cool reflective roofing standards & incentives Energy Star Roof Program –http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roof_prods.pr_roof_productshttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roof_prods.pr_roof_products –Home of EPA Energy Star cool roofing product registry LBL Heat Island Group –http://eetd.lbl.gov/heatisland/http://eetd.lbl.gov/heatisland/ –Resource for heat island / cool roofing research

38. 38 Interstate Renewable Energy Council –http://www.irecusa.org/http://www.irecusa.org/ U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energies Technology Program –http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/ Whole Building Design Guide: Building- Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) –http://www.wbdg.org/resources/bipv.phphttp://www.wbdg.org/resources/bipv.php Daylighting Collaborative –http://www.daylighting.orghttp://www.daylighting.org Sustainable Roofing Resources Renewable Energy & Daylighting

39. 39 Sustainable Roofing Resources Vegetated Roofs / Water Management Penn State Center for Green Roof Research –http://hortweb.cas.psu.edu/research/greenroofcenterhttp://hortweb.cas.psu.edu/research/greenroofcenter Green Roofs for Healthy Cities –http://www.greenroofs.orghttp://www.greenroofs.org NRCA Green Roof Systems Manual –http://www.nrca.nethttp://www.nrca.net

40. 40 Sustainable Roofing Resources Roof Recycling Construction Waste Management Database –Sponsored by Whole Building Design Guide –National database with state and local sources by material –(http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php?c=6)http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php?c=6 Foam Insulation Recycling –Nationwide Foam (http://www.nationwidefoam.com/)http://www.nationwidefoam.com/ Single-Ply Roof Recycling –Vinyl Roofing Division, CFFA (http://www.vinylroofs.org/)http://www.vinylroofs.org/ –EPDM Roofing Association (http://epdmroofs.org)http://epdmroofs.org Metal Roof Recycling –Metal Construction Association (http://www.metalconstruction.org/)http://www.metalconstruction.org/ Asphalt Shingle & Wood Shake Recycling –American Roofing Recyclers (http://www.roofingrecyclers.com )http://www.roofingrecyclers.com

41. 41 Sustainable Roofing Resources Roof Life Cycle Management Whole Building Design Guide –Building Commissioning –Facilities Operation & Maintenance –http://www.wbdg.org/index.phphttp://www.wbdg.org/index.php National Roofing Contractors Association Inspection Manuals –Built-Up and Modified Bitumen Roofing Systems –Existing Single-Ply Roofing Systems –Spray Polyurethane Foam-Based Roofing Systems –Steep-Slope & Low-Slope Architectural Metal Panel Roof Assemblies –http://www.nrca.nethttp://www.nrca.net WBDG WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN GUIDE