1. The Application of FRBR in a National Bibliographic Database Revolution or Evolution? The impact of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) Organized by the Australian Committee on Cataloging. Melbourne Convention Center, 2 February 2004 Bemal Rajapatirana

2. Group 1 entities Products of intellectual and artistic endeavour:  Work – distinct intellectual or artistic creation;  Expression – intellectual or artistic realisation of work  Manifestation – physical embodiment of an expression of a work  Item – single example of a manifestation

3. Scope  Quantify the results of applying FRBR to the NBD  Determine future strategies for improvements to the NBD based upon exploiting the FRBR model  Waltzing Matilda case study

4. Process  LC FRBR Display Tool ‑www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/tool.htmlwww.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/tool.html  FRBR Work-Set Algorithm ‑www.oclc.org/researchwww.oclc.org/research  Test 1: ‑Identify most commonly occurring works ‑Extract sample dataset and apply available tools ‑Determine work ratios for most common Name and Title entries  Test 2: Apply to NBD or larger subset (pending)

5. Identifying works  ‘Commonly occurring’ headings defined as those with the most number of bibliographic records attached  Initial lists refined to remove ‘inappropriate’ work headings ranked in the top 100  Separate ranking for Australian work headings

6. Selected works  Global exclusion criteria programmed -Series and ‘series like’ works -Thesis -Serials  Manual exclusion or amalgamation of some headings -coding -Spelling - Bible. English. Authorised’ and Bible. English. Authorized’ -Form of entry e.g. ‘Aesop’s fables’ or ‘Aesop. Aesop’s Fables’ or ‘Aesop. Fables’

7. Selected works  Final list -20,000 records extracted -13,561 representing works under Name/Titles -7,025 representing works under Uniform titles  1:3 works to manifestation/records  Reflects literary, religious and musical works  Similar composition to OCLC WorldCat analysis

8. Top 10 NBD works: Name-titles Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de,1547-1616. Don Quixote England and Wales. Laws etc. Chopin, Frédéric,1810-1849 Piano music. Selections Schubert, Franz,1797-1828 Songs. Selections Bach, Johann Sebastian,1685-1750 Cantatas. Selection Liszt, Franz,1811-1886. Piano music. Selections Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet Shakespeare, William,1564-1616. Macbeth Shakespeare, William,1564-1616. Romeo and Juliet Carroll, Lewis,1832-1898. Alice's adventures in Wonderland

9. Top 10 NBD works: Uniform Titles Bible. Authorized Mother Goose Koran Aesop's fables Arabian nights Bhagavadgita Imitatio Christi Bible. O.T.Psalms Haggadah Bible

10. LC FRBR Display Tool  Available from: http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc- functional-analysis/tool.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/marc- functional-analysis/tool.html  Converts MARC to MARCXML  Rigorous data validation rules  Scale to accommodate large data sets  No statistics or reports generated  Sorting rules may required refinement  Problematic amalgamation of some expression forms e.g. sound recording and musical sound recording combined under one expression

11. Display example Author: Clauson, William Work: Australia Form: text-English Edition: Title: Australia : Waltzing Matilda and other Australian songs Imprint: [197-?] Physical Description: 1 cassette : (monographic) Author: Cowan, Marie Title: Waltzing Matilda Form: notated music Edition: Title: Waltzing matilda Statement of responsibility: music by Marie Cowan; words by “Banjo Paterson ; arranged by Warren Barker Imprint: Hal Leonard Publishing Corp, c1987 Physical Description: 1 score (16 p.) + 30 parts ; 31 cm Edition: Title: Waltzing Matilda Statement of responsibility: arranged for brass band by Gordon Langford. Imprint: Chandos Music, c1975 Physical Description: 25 parts ; 25 cm

12. Algorithms  OCLC identifies Work, LC identifies Work, Expression & Manifestion  Similar data normalisation routines e.g. ignore filing indicators, trailing and leading blanks, etc  Similar data elements for constructing author title keys  Limited number of ‘expression’ attributes  Maps variant data in headings through authority files (OCLC)

13. Waltzing Matilda …  Australian icon  Multiple works  Omissions ‐Variant forms of headings or content of heading/authority ‐Headings not present in bibliographic record ‐Non-literary or musical  Manual selection required ‐Queensland version

14. Waltzing Matilda …  Results: - 154 manifestations - 55 expressions - 46 works

15. You’ll come a Waltzing Matilda with me  Main works : -Cowan, Marie. Waltzing Matilda (50 manifestations) -Paterson, A. B. (Andrew Barton), 1864-1941. Waltzing Matilda (35 manifestation) -Waltzing Matilda (7 manifestations)  Others -Christina Macpherson -Dave De Hugard -Queensland Version -Expression data placed in contents notes or as subject of work -Variability in form of expression

16. Implications for NBD  Data quality -Incorrectly coded data LDR/06 = ‘m’ (computer file) -Variant forms of headings -‘Sendak, Maurice, 1928-’ and ‘Sendak, Maurice’ ‘Montresor, Beni. I saw a ship a sailing’ ‘Montresor, Beni. I saw a ship a sailing, or, The wonderful games that only little flower-plant children play’

17. Implications for NBD  Cataloguing practice -main entry problems (choice and error) W1: Bartoli, Cecilia Italian songs W2: Italian songs -Inclusion of added entries -Inclusion of additional data elements e.g. relators -Rules and interfaces to support aggregation of work and expression level metadata  Data massage and human input

18. Implications for NBD  Apply FRBR to NBD subsets -Australian -Topical e.g. literature, music  How to apply FRBR -Work, expression and manifestion? -Hybrid approach -User-focused -Search and display options

19. Future strategies  Determine if all Group 1 entities should be applied  Consider available software and options to enhance existing tools  Virtual or permanent work clusters  Determine interface applications of FRBR – public, cataloguing tool  Improvements to the Australian cataloguing process

20. Waltzing Matilda

21. Questions