1. Rotational Ligand Dynamics in Mn[N(CN) 2 ] 2.pyrazine Craig Brown, John Copley Inma Peral and Yiming Qiu NIST Summer School 2003

2. Outline Mn[N(CN) 2 ] 2.pyrazine –Physical Properties – Review data from other techniques – Compare behaviour with related compounds Quasi-elastic scattering –What is it? –What it means How TOF works and what we measure Categories of experiments performed on DCS

3. Pyrazine N C H/D

4. Interactions The neutron-nucleus interaction is described by a scattering length Complex number real  scattering imaginary  absorption Coherent scattering Depends on the average scattering length STRUCTUREDYNAMICS Incoherent scattering Depends on the mean square difference scattering length

5. Structure and dynamics Deuterated sample for coherent Bragg diffraction to obtain structure as a function of temperature Protonated to observe both single particle motion (quasielastic) and to weigh the inelastic scattering spectrum in favor of hydrogen (vibrations) –Deuteration can help to assign particular vibrational modes and provide a ‘correction’ to the quasielastic data for the paramagnetic scattering of manganese and coherent quasielastic scattering.

6. Magnetic Structure J. L. Manson et. al J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000 J. Magn. Mag. Mats. 2003 One of the interpenetrating lattices shown. a is up, b across, c into page Magnetic cell is (½, 0, ½) superstructure Exchange along Mn-pyz-Mn chain 40x BT1 =1.54 Å HMI =2.448 Å

7. Mn[N(CN) 2 ] 2.pyrazine

8. 3-D antiferromagnetic order below ~2.5 K Magnetic moments aligned along ac (4.2  B ) Monoclinic lattice (a=7.3 Å, b=16.7 Å, c=8.8 Å) Lose pyz Phase transition Mn[N(CN) 2 ] 2.pyrazine Phase transition Large Debye-Waller factors on pyrazine Phase transition to orthorhombic structure Large Debye-Waller factor on dicyanamide ligand Diffuse scattering 408 K ~200 K 1.3 K ~435 K Decomposes and loses pyrazine.

9. As a function of Temperature

10. The other compounds Cu[N(CN) 2 ] 2.pyz MnCl 2.pyz

11. AIMS Experience Practical QENS –sample choice –geometry consideration Learn something about the instrument –Wavelength / Resolution / Intensity Data Reduction Data Analysis and Interpretation –instrument resolution function and fitting –extract EISF and linewidth –spatial and temporal information

12. The Measured Scattering

13. Quasielastic Scattering The intensity of the scattered neutron is broadly distributed about zero energy transfer to the sample Lineshape is often Lorentzian-like Arises from atomic motion that is –Diffusive –Reorientational The instrumental resolution determines the timescales observable The Q-range determines the spatial properties that are observable (The complexity of the motion(s) can make interpretation difficult)

14. The Measured Scattering Instrumental resolution function Debye-Waller factor Far away from the QE region The reorientational and/or Lattice parts. The Lattice part has little effect in the QE region- a flat background (see Bée, pp. 66) Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Principles and applications in Solid State Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science M. Bee (Adam Hilger 1988)

15. Quasielastic Scattering G s (r,t) is the probability that a particle be at r at time t, given that it was at the origin at time t=0 (self-pair correlation function) S inc (Q,  ) is the time Fourier transform of I s (Q,t) (incoherent scattering law) I inc (Q,t) is the space Fourier transform of G s (r,t) (incoherent intermediate scattering function)

16. Quasielastic Scattering Jump model between two equivalent sites r1r2

17. Quasielastic Scattering Jump model between two equivalent sites r1r2 Powder (spherical) average EISF!!!!!!!!!! QISF!!!!!!!!!

18. Quasielastic Scattering Jump model between two equivalent sites r1r2 Half Width ~1/  (independent of Q)  0 Ao()Ao()

19. Quasielastic Scattering Jump model between two equivalent sites Qr A o = ½[1+sin(2Qr)/(2Qr)]EISF 1 ½ Q Width

20. Quasielastic Scattering Jumps between three equivalent sites

21. Quasielastic Scattering Translational Diffusion Q2Q2 Width

22. TOF spectroscopy, in principle D ps Monochromator Pulser Sample Detector t=0 t=t s t=t D DsdDsd 22 v=v f v=v i mono pulsed sample detector

23. TOF spectroscopy, in practice (3) The sample area (1) The neutron guide (4) The flight chamber and the detectors (2) The choppers

24. Types of Experiments Translational and rotational diffusion processes, where scattering experiments provide information about time scales, length scales and geometrical constraints; the ability to access a wide range of wave vector transfers, with good energy resolution, is key to the success of such investigations Low energy vibrational and magnetic excitations and densities of states Tunneling phenomena Chemistry --- e.g. clathrates, molecular crystals, fullerenes Polymers --- bound polymers, glass phenomenon, confinement effects Biological systems --- protein folding, protein preservation, water dynamics in membranes Physics --- adsorbate dynamics in mesoporous systems (zeolites and clays) and in confined geometries, metal-hydrogen systems, glasses, magnetic systems Materials --- negative thermal expansion materials, low conductivity materials, hydration of cement, carbon nanotubes, proton conductors, metal hydrides