1. How could these relate to muscles?
Get Homework Sheet out to Help you with ideas

2. The Muscular System
To confidently name and label the main muscles groups.
To understand how muscles work in pairs and how they create movement
To identify which muscles create movements at different joints

3. Task 1 Stickers 6 Teams paired against another team.
Each team races against the other team to label the muscles correctly. 1 Person should model.
Write up labels and stick in the correct place
You will be timed: each team will receive a 10 second penalty for each muscle incorrectly labelled or missed. 5 second penalty per ‘cheat’ (3 second look at muscle sheet).
Timer stopped when all team members sat down with no rubbish in their working area.

4. Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Biceps Triceps Abdominals Gluteals
How did you do?
Deltoids
Trapezius
Pectorals
Biceps
Triceps
Latissimus Dorsi
Abdominals
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Front View
Back View

5. Ways to remember muscles
Miss Green’s….little ways….
Spelling is important!
Try syllables
Bi-cep
Gastro-c-nemius
Quad-ri-cep
Glu-teals
And/Or
look, cover, try, check

6. How could these relate to muscles?
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7. How Muscles Work They like to work TOGETHER!!!!
A bit like an old married couple, one works whilst the other relaxes!

8. (muscles work Antagonistically) Movement of the arm at the elbow
Antagonistic Muscles
(muscles work Antagonistically)
Ant-agon-istic-ally
Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by tendons.
They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.
Movement of the arm at the elbow

9. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
(Triceps relax)
(Biceps contract)

10. Extension (Straightening) of the Arm
Triceps:
contracting muscle
Biceps:
relaxing muscle

11. What muscle creates each movement?
Tip: If a muscle is contracting or shortening it is usually pulling a bone/limb towards it.

12. Movement of muscles

17. What grade are you on and what do you need to work on?
Grade C
Can Name & Label all muscles
Can spell most muscles correctly
Can explain what is meant by ‘muscles working antagonistically’
Grade B (as above +)
4. Can identify what movement each muscle creates e.g. bicep flexes elbow
Grade A (as above +)
5. Can link movements to sporting examples e.g. the Quadriceps contract which extends the leg to kick a ball in rugby.
Grade A*(as above +)
6. Can identify the Antagonist (relaxing muscle) and/or Origin and Insertion of the main muscle groups.

18. Exercising the muscular system
Isotonic and Isometric
Immediate effects of exercise
Long term effects of exercise

19. Apply it…..practice exam
1. Which one of the following
muscles is contracting to
allow the footballer in the
image to extend his leg
at the hip?
A. Gluteal Muscles
B. Hamstrings
Abdominals
Quadriceps

20. 2. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the leg to flex at the knee?
A. Gluteal Muscles
B. Hamstrings
C. Gastrocnemius
D. Quadriceps

21. 3. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the tennis player in the image to adduct his arm at the shoulder?
A. Triceps
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Abdominals
D. Pectorals

22. 4. Which of the following muscles is responsible for abducting the arm at the shoulder?
A. Triceps
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Deltoid
D. Pectorals

23. 5. Which muscles are contracting to allow this dancer to point his toes by extending the ankle?
A. Gluteal Muscles
B. Hamstrings
C. Gastrocnemius
D. Quadriceps

24. 6. Which of the following muscles is contracting to abduct the arms backwards at the shoulder?
A. Triceps
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Abdominals
D. Pectorals

25. Recap!
When muscles contract they create movement (usually pulling something towards them)
Antagonistically
muscles work in pairs (when one relaxes the other contracts)
Agonist – Contracting Muscle
Antagonist – Relaxing Muscle

26. Exam Tip: Questions on Antagonistic muscles usually either ask:
In relation to Bicep and Triceps or Hamstrings and Quadriceps
Which is Agonist and which is Antagonist during certain movements

27. Identify Agonist and antagonists

28. Isotonic and Isometric
Isotonic – when muscles contract and relax to create movement
Isometric – when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position

29. Sporting examples Isotonic: anything with movement!!!
Tons – of movement
Or isotonic drink

30. Sporting examples
Isometric – muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position.
M – minimal movement

31. Immediate Effects of Exercise
Increase demand of oxygen
Increase demand of fuel (glycogen)
Lactic Acid
Cramp

32. Long term effects of exercise
Hypertrophy – increased muscle size
Caused by minor tears in the muscle and the body rebuilds within 48 hours

33. Recap!
Isometric
Isotonic

34. (d) Which one of the above statements refers to an isometric contraction?

35. Recap:
Short term effects of exercise
Long term effects of exercise

36. Potential Injuries to the muscular system
Muscle Atrophy
(decrease in muscle)

37. Soft Tissue Damage
Strain – little tears in the muscle fibres and blood vessels.

38. Examiners tip You Strain a muscle and Sprain a ligament!
Relate it to sport!
Why is it so common for Footballers to strain (pull) their Hamstring?

39. Injury Prevention! Warm up
Raise heart rate and warming up the muscles with gentle and progressively more energetic exercise
Stretches
Lets test it!

40. Cool Down Brings the heart rate back to normal
Removes lactic acid from muscles so they don’t become stiff and sore
Includes gentle exercise and stretches (20-30 seconds)

41. Injury treatment R – REST I – ICE C – COMPRESSION E – ELEVEATION
The first hours crucial and player should continue to rest during this period.