1. The Growth of a City by Eleanor Joyce, City of Salem Schools and
edited by Cheri LaPorte Augusta County Schools

7. Staunton: Reasons for Growth

8. State movement for care of the insane 1825
National trend toward education, especially for women 1820
Western Lunatic Asylum 1828
VA Inst. For Deaf, Dumb and Blind 1828
Augusta Female Seminary 1842
Virginia Female Institute 1846
Wesleyan Female Institute 1850.
Improvements to travel 1830’s – Valley Turnpike
Availability of fresh water 1848
Safety from danger of invasion
Internal improvements
hotels, banks, cemeteries, churches, attractive architecture
VA Central Railroad reached Staunton 1854
Staunton Depot and American Hotel
Vital Industries
grist and saw mills, factories that made wagons, boots, shoes, woolen clothing, and blankets
Telegraph and gas lines 1850’s
Mobilization Center for the Confederacy during Civil War
Arsenals, workshops and warehoused erected

9. Functions of Towns and Cities
Security, defense
Religious Centers
Trade Centers
Government Administration
Manufacturing Centers
Service Centers

10. Influences of Urban Areas
Nation-building (monuments/symbols)
Transportation/Communication Hubs
Magnets for migration
Seed beds for new ideas and technologies
Diversity leads to creativity in the arts
Education centers (Universities)
Corporate Headquarters/regional offices
Media Centers (News/entertainment)

11. Problems Associated with Urban Growth

12. Urban Problems Transportation issues
Rich and poor neighborhoods isolated from each other
Providing essential services – water, sewage, electricity, schools, clinics
Pollution
Sprawl – loss of agricultural land

13. What is the best location for a large city?

14. Near Water
Near Resources
Where else?

15. Where it is and what’s around it.
Patterns of urban development occur according to the site and situation of locations:
Where it is and what’s around it.

16. Site and Situation
Patterns of urban development occur according to the site and situation of locations: Where it is and what’s around it.

17. What is meant by site?

18. Site is the actual location of a city.
Cities will grow and prosper in locations that offer some advantages.

19. Examples of Site Harbor sites: the site of a natural harbor
Island sites: the site of islands in strategic locations
Fall line sites: the site where a river meets a line of falls
Confluence sites: the site where rivers converge
Hilltop sites: the site at the top of a hill
Oasis sites: the site in the desert where caravans stopped for water
Sites where rivers narrow

20. New York City became a major city because it is located on a natural harbor.

21. Alexandria, Egypt became a major city because it is located on a natural harbor.

22. Istanbul, Turkey became a major city because it is located on a natural harbor.

23. Paris, France became a major city because it is located on an Island in the Seine River.

24. Hong Kong, China became a major city because it is located on an Island.

25. Singapore became a major city because it is located on an Island.

26. Richmond, VA became a major city because it is located on the fall line of the James River.

27. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became a major city because it is located at the site where three rivers converge (confluence or the Ohio River, the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River).

28. Khartoum, Sudan became a major city because it is located at the site where two rivers converge (confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile Rivers).

29. Rome, Italy became a major city because it is located at on a hill overlooking the city.

30. Athens, Greece became a major city because it is located at on a hill overlooking the city.

31. Jerusalem, Israel became a major city because it is located on a hill overlooking the city.

32. Damascus, Syria became a major city because it is located at the site of an oasis.

33. Siwa, Egypt became a city because it is located at the site of an oasis.

34. London, England became a major city because it is located at the site where the Thames River narrows.

35. Quebec City, Quebec became a major city because it is located at the site where the St. Lawrence River narrows.

36. What is meant by situation?

37. Situation is another name for relative location—the location of a city with respect to other geographic features, regions, resources, and transport routes.

38. Examples of Situation Command of land between rivers
Command of straits and land bridges
Focal point of religious pilgrimage
Along trade routes
Supply station for ships
Along the U.S. Transcontinental Railroad
Along the Trans-Siberian Railroad

39. Baghdad, Iraq became a major city because it commands the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

40. Istanbul, Turkey commands the straits and land bridge between Asia and Europe.

41. City of religious pilgrimage Mecca, Saudi Arabia—Muslims-Hajj
Muslims on a Hajj to Mecca

42. City of religious pilgrimage Varanasi (Benares), India --Hindu
Hindus bathing in the Ganges River

43. Samarkand, Uzbekistan and Xi’an, China developed along the Silk Road, an ancient trade route across Asia

44. Timbuktu, Mali developed along the trans Sahara trade route where salt was traded for gold.

45. Singapore is the site of maritime (sea) trade because of it’s location on the tip of the Malay peninsula.

46. Cape Town, South Africa grew up on the southern tip of Africa because it supplied ships when they traveled from Europe to Asia

47. Omaha, Nebraska and Sacramento, California developed on the Transcontinental railroad in the USA

48. Novosibirsk, Russia and Vladivostok, Russia grew up along the Trans-Siberian Railroad.