1. Chapter 18: Cold War Conflicts Section 4: Two Nations Live on the Edge

2. Brinksmanship Rules U.S. Policy
Objective… Explain how nuclear rivalry leads to the U.S. policy of Brinksmanship.

3. 1. How does the hydrogen bomb differ from the atomic bomb?
- 67 X the Hiroshima bomb
- U.S. tests in Nov, 1952…
- Soviets test in Aug, 1953

6. 2. What were John Foster Dulles’ beliefs about communism & what did he advocate that the US do to stop the spread of communism?
Anti-communism is a moral crusade (good vs. evil) …The US makes it clear that we will use any and all means of force against communism aggression. …including nuclear weapons.
3. I & E: Brinksmanship -
The willingness under DDE to go to the brink of all out war.
“pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the limit of safety… especially to force a desired outcome.” -Webster's Dictionary

7. Bomb Shelters…

8. Happy Days Bomb Shelter

9. “Duck and cover”

10. Duck and Cover http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOXHW8RAoGs

11. Greenbrier Resort White Sulphur Springs, W.Va.

12. The Congressional Bunker in Greenbrier, WV
“….buried 720 feet into the hillside under the Greenbrier Hotel.  …surrounded by ceiling and walls that are 3 to 5 feet thick reinforced concrete. In addition, there is 20 to 60 ft of dirt cover between the substructure and the hotel.”
– Greenbrier Hotel

13. Workers at the Mosler Safe Company, circa 1960, stand by one of the two giant blast doors they built for vehicular entrances to the secret fallout shelter for Congress located underneath at the Greenbrier resort in White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia. The door is 19.5 inches (49.5 centimeters) thick and weighs more than 20 tons.

14. To protect the new underground headquarters of the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) from shockwaves caused by nuclear explosions, workers (circa 1963) install the first of more than 1,300 giant metal springs on which buildings were later constructed.

15. The Federal Reserve's Communications and Records Center (Culpeper, Virginia)
From December 10, 1969 until 1988, Mount Pony stored several billion dollars worth of U.S. currency including a large number of $2 bills shrink-wrapped and stacked on pallets 9 feet (2.7 meters) high. Following a nuclear attack, this money was to be used to replenish currency supplies east of the Mississippi.

16. The main entrance to the facility.
Prior to July 1992, the bunker, about 70 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., also served as a continuity of government facility. With a peacetime staff of 100, the site was designed to support an emergency staff of 540 for 30 days

17. In November 1997, Congress authorized the transfer of the facility from the Federal Reserve to the Library of Congress which, using funds from a private foundation, will purchase and renovate the site to house its extensive motion picture, television, and recorded sound collections.

18. Government propaganda film on civil defense…

19. Science Fiction Reflects Cold War Fears Read in your test and answer the following questions…
Objective…
Explain how the science fiction of the 1950s reflected the anxiety of the age.
1. What is the message conveyed in each of the following science fiction stories…
Invasion of the Body Snatchers –
The Martian Chronicles –
A Canticle for Leibowitz -

20. “Invasion of the Body Snatchers”...
“The Blob”...

21. The Cold War Spreads Around the World / The Cold War Takes to the Skies
Objective…
Describe how the Cold War goes global.

22. 4. Who was President DDE relying on to conduct the covert actions of the Cold War?

23. 5. Iran (1951) Iran placed the oil industry in Iran under Iranian control.
US reaction?…
The CIA gives $Ms to over- throw the Iranian government
Why?...
We wanted an Iranian government sympathetic to the demands of western powers & western companies to control the OIL FIELDS. …The Shah of Iran is returned to power.

24. 6. Guatemala (1954) – Leader of Guatemala gave US owned land to peasants.
US reaction?…
The CIA trains a Guatemalan army to over throw the government.
Why?...
It was believed that the Guatemalan government was Communistic.

25. 7. West Germany (1955) West Germany rearms & join’s NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization – A western military alliance… “an attack on one is an attack on all.”
Soviets form the Warsaw Pact a military alliance between the Soviet Union & 7 Eastern European countries.
Soviet Reaction?…
Why?...
Fear related to rearming Germany

26. 8. Geneva Summit (1955) President DDE proposes “open Skies” Doctrine.
The Open Skies Doctrine –
The Soviets & US would allow flights over each other’s territory to monitor each other.
Soviet reaction?…
The Soviets rejected the idea.
Why?...
The Soviets did not trust the motives of the U.S.

27. US reaction?… Why?... Egypt makes a foreign aid deal with the Soviets.
9. Egypt (1956) – The Suez War Britain, France & Israel invade Egypt & occupy the Suez Canal.
Egypt makes a foreign aid deal with the Soviets.
Egypt nationalizes (takes over) the Suez canal.
Britain, France & Israel invade Egypt & occupy the Suez Canal.
US reaction?…
The US proposes the * Eisenhower Doctrine
* The US would defend the Middle East against Communist aggression
Why?...
To control the influence of the Soviets in the Middle East.

28. 10. Hungary (1956) Soviet tanks invaded Hungary & fired on protestors.
In 1956, the Hungarian people rise up in revolt against the Soviet occupation of their country and demand democracy.
The Sovites violently crush the revolt…
The US ignores the promises of the Truman Doctrine and does nothing to support the revolutionaries.
US reaction?…
Why?...
The fear of nuclear war.

29. 11. USSR (1957) - The Soviets launch Sputnik.
SHOCK & FEAR… A triumph of Soviet technology that forced the US to re-evaluate both the space program and our educational program.
US reaction?…
Why?...
The US had fallen behind in the arms race

30. 12. USSR (1960) Soviets shoot down an American U-2 spy plane.
US reaction?…
The US denies spying… but finally admits that we were spying
Why?...
Spying to monitor nuclear developments of the Soviets

31. The Soviets recovered the parachute & cameras
U-2 Spy Plane
U-2 wreckage on displayed in Moscow
The Soviets recovered the parachute & cameras
The U-2 Wreckage

32. Event…
5. Iran (1951) - Iran placed the oil industry in Iran under Iranian control.
U.S. Reaction…
Why?...
6. Guatemala (1954) - Leader of Guatemala gave American-owned land to peasants.
U.S. reaction…
7. West Germany (1955) - West Germany rearms & join’s
NATO.
Soviet reaction…
8. Geneva Summit (1955) - President Eisenhower proposed the “Open Skies” Doctrine.
9. Egypt (1956) - Britain, France & Israel invade Egypt
& occupy the Suez Canal.
10. Hungary (1956) -Soviet tanks invaded
Hungary & fired on protestors.
11. USSR (1957) -The Soviets launch Sputnik.
12. USSR (1960) -Soviets shoot down an American U-2 spy plane.

33. The Death of Josef Stalin - Stalin died of a brain hemorrhage on March 5, His body was embalmed and placed next to Lenin's in the tomb at Red Square. In 1961, with Stalin falling into disgrace, the corpse was quietly removed & buried.

34. Nikita Khrushchev is the new leader of the Soviet Union.