1. BACTERIAL DISEASE

2. BACTERIA Lack chlorophyll and cannot produce own foodLack chlorophyll and cannot produce own food Require 400 to 600X magnificationRequire 400 to 600X magnification Flagella to swimFlagella to swim

3. BACTERIA PATHOGEN Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium, and ErwiniaPseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium, and Erwinia

4. BACTERIA LIFE CYCLE Dormant in plant material or soilDormant in plant material or soil Reproduce by mother cell dividing in halfReproduce by mother cell dividing in half –2 daughter cells

5. BACTERIA Halo around bacterial leaf spotHalo around bacterial leaf spot

7. BACTERIA INFECTION Do not produce spores (there are exceptions)Do not produce spores (there are exceptions) Pathogen appears as oozePathogen appears as ooze

9. BACTERIA INFECTION Enter plant through natural openings or woundsEnter plant through natural openings or wounds

10. BACTERIA CONTROL Prevent injuries and introductionPrevent injuries and introduction Copper containing fungicidesCopper containing fungicides –Bordeaux mixture (Copper sulfate and lime) –Kocide

11. FIRE BLIGHT HOST: Rose family (pear, apples, quince…) Bradford pearBradford pear

12. FIRE BLIGHT SYMPTOMS "Scorched" branches"Scorched" branches –Shepherd’s crook

13. FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION Enter through flowersEnter through flowers "Ooze" at cankers"Ooze" at cankers

14. FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL Resistant cultivarsResistant cultivars Pruning and sanitizingPruning and sanitizing

15. Fire Blight

19. Bacterial Leaf Spot IvyIvy

20. VIRUS

21. VIRUS True obligate parasitesTrue obligate parasites Outside living cells act like chemical substancesOutside living cells act like chemical substances Cannot be cultured on artificial mediaCannot be cultured on artificial media Virions: virus particles, seen only with a electron microscopeVirions: virus particles, seen only with a electron microscope

22. VIRUS SYMPTOMS Mosaic / mottlingMosaic / mottling Loss of vigorLoss of vigor Distorted growthDistorted growth

23. VIRUS INFECTION Infected for lifeInfected for life Commonly transmitted by insectsCommonly transmitted by insects –Thrips…

24. VIRUS

25. VIRUS INFECTION Rarely kill plant in short amount of timeRarely kill plant in short amount of time Predispose plantsPredispose plants

26. VIRUS CONTROL Avoid transmitting by plant partsAvoid transmitting by plant parts Reduce vectorsReduce vectors ResistanceResistance

27. Citrus Greening Disease Severe damage to citrus industrySevere damage to citrus industry

28. Citrus Greening Disease Vectored by Asian citrus psyllidVectored by Asian citrus psyllid

29. Citrus Greening Disease Fruit inedible and juice undrinkableFruit inedible and juice undrinkable

30. CAMELLIA YELLOW MOTTLE SYMPTOMS Sporadic leaves and flowersSporadic leaves and flowers Not stable year to yearNot stable year to year Flowers lose color, variegatedFlowers lose color, variegated

31. CAMELLIA YELLOW MOTTLE CONTROL Avoid contaminated stockAvoid contaminated stock Remove plant, if undesirableRemove plant, if undesirable

32. Canna Virus Vein streakingVein streaking Weakened plantsWeakened plants Lack of floweringLack of flowering

33. Canna Virus Aphids suspected vectorAphids suspected vector No resistant varietiesNo resistant varieties

38. Nonviral Variegation Genetic mutation is heritableGenetic mutation is heritable Some cells stop producing chlorophyllSome cells stop producing chlorophyll

39. Viral Variegation

40. Firepower Nandina Propagated in South CarolinaPropagated in South Carolina Infected with two virusesInfected with two viruses –Cucumber mosaic virus –Nandina mosaic virus

41. Hosta Virus

46. NEMATODES

47. NEMATODES Unsegmented roundwormsUnsegmented roundworms Can be found in every form of plant and animalCan be found in every form of plant and animal Most are considered beneficialMost are considered beneficial

48. NEMATODES SPECIES Sting, Root knot, Cyst, and othersSting, Root knot, Cyst, and others

49. NEMATODES SPECIES There are beneficial species attacking insectsThere are beneficial species attacking insects

50. NEMATODES SYMPTOMS StuntingStunting YellowingYellowing WiltingWilting Stubby rootsStubby roots

51. NEMATODES SYMPTOMS Only Root Knot and Cyst nematodes cause ID symptomsOnly Root Knot and Cyst nematodes cause ID symptoms ID by labID by lab

52. NEMATODES SYMPTOMS Cyst nematodesCyst nematodes

53. NEMATODES DAMAGE Severely damage rootsSeverely damage roots

54. NEMATODES DAMAGE Foliar nematodesFoliar nematodes

55. NEMATODES CONTROL FumigationFumigation Biological controlsBiological controls –Chitin, fungal NematicidesNematicides

56. GALLS

57. GALLS SYMPTOMS Distortions or swellingsDistortions or swellings Leaves, flowers, branches, or trunkLeaves, flowers, branches, or trunk

61. GALLS Insect-causing Harbor the eggs and larvaHarbor the eggs and larva Larval secretions induce abnormal growthLarval secretions induce abnormal growth –Hyperplasia Protection and foodProtection and food

62. GALLS Bacteria Crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)Crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) Gall at root crown (often)Gall at root crown (often) Can kill young plantsCan kill young plants

63. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspx Bacterial Gall on Rosemary

64. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspx

65. Bacterial Gall on Rosemary http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspx

66. Bacterial Gall on Rosemary http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspx

67. Bacterial Gall on Rosemary http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspxhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ga rdens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the- home-gardener/advice-tips- resources/pests-and- problems/diseases/bacterial-galls.aspx

68. Crown gall Crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)Crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)

69. GALLS Crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)

70. GALLS CONTROL Prune out gallsPrune out galls Purchase healthy stockPurchase healthy stock

71. Leaf Gall PATHOGEN: Fungal HOST: Azalea and Sassanqua

72. GALLS SYMPTOMS Individual leaves thick and fleshyIndividual leaves thick and fleshy Early springEarly spring

73. GALLS CONTROL Hand pickHand pick Rarely chemicalRarely chemical