1. GREECE

2. The Geography of Greece

3. Archaic
Greece:
2000 BCE BCE

4. Bronze Age Greece

5. Minoan World: B.C.E.

6. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

7. Aerial View of Knossos

8. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

9. Minoan Civilization

10. Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

11. Palace of King Minos - Interiors

12. Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

13. Minoan Ladies
Women had rights…

14. Minoan Culture - Religion Minoan Snake Mother Goddess
Minoan Priest
Religion was based on worshiping the Mother Goddess…

15. Bull Cult
…and based on worshiping the Bull.

16. Bull Jumping Fresco

17. Minoan Trade Minoan success was based on trade, not conquest.
Coast of Crete
“Bireme” ship
Minoan success was based on trade, not conquest.

18. Minoan Artistic “Motifs”
Dolphins represent good fortune and show the importance of the sea.

19. Early Writing System: “Linear A” (Undecipherable)
Cannon?

20. What caused the End of the Minoan Civilization??

21. The Mycenaeans (Achaeans)
BCE

22. The Mycenaean World:
BCE

23. Archaeological “site”
View of Mycenae
Archaeological “site”

24. Aerial View of Mycenae

25. Mycenae

26. Approach to the Lion’s Gate

27. Lion’s Gate Entrance to Mycenae

28. Mycenaean Writing System: “Linear B”

29. The Mycenaean Civilization

30. The
Trojan
War
1250 BCE
10 Year Long War

31. The Trojan War

32. What were the real & mythical causes of the Trojan War??

33. Historically
It is said that Troy controlled trade from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean.
This area was known as the “Vital Straits”

34. Helen of Troy: “The Face That Launched 1000 Ships”
What did she look like?

35. Greek Ships Landing on Beaches of Troy

36. Plan of the City of Troy

37. The Nine “Layers” of Ancient Troy
Homer’s Troy (VII)

38. Original Wall of the City of Troy

39. Wall of Troy Recreated

40. Dome of King Priam’s Treasury

41. King Priam’s Treasure

42. Mask of Agamemnon

43. Brutal Combat

44. Brutal Combat

45. Troy Grave Circles

46. The “Trojan Horse”?

47. Sir Heinrich Schliemann

48. Homer: The “Heroic Age”

49. Homer, the Blind Poet

50. Homer’s Great Epics

51. Homer’s View of the World

52. The
Greek
"Dark Ages"
BCE

53. Migrations in the Aegean Region Invasion of the Dorians

54. Greek Culture Declined

55. Greek Culture Declined
Greeks lived in Small Isolated Villages.
Reading and Writing Declined.
Stories were passed on by word of mouth.

56. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

57. Early Governments
Monarchy-government in which a king or queen exercises central power.
Aristocracy-rule by a landholding elite.
Oligarchy-power is in the hands of a small, powerful elite, usually a business class.

58. SPARTA: A Nation of Soldiers

59. SPARTA

60. SPARTA Spartans- Dorians that conquered Laconia.
Helots – Mycenaean's enslaved by the Spartans.

61. Sparta
Sparta was a Military State. From a young age children (boys) were trained in military tactics.
Women would exercise and keep their bodies in good physical health.
Only men could vote.
Sparta's government had two kings and a council of elders.

62. Sparta’s Military Phalanx- massive formation of
heavily armed foot soldiers.

63. ATHENS: A limited Democracy

64. View of the Past

65. Early Athenian Lawgivers
Corruption in Athens aristocracy had too much power, people called for reform.
Solon- first to reform the government, made a move for democracy. (594 BCE)
Pisistratus-further helped the common citizens by offering loans to the poor. (546BCE)
Cleisthenes- Established the Council of 500 and created the first (limited) democracy.

66. Why was it only a limited Democracy?
Only male citizens could vote.
Only male citizens could participate in the government.
Slavery was still legal.
Women had no share in life
Only boys could go to school, if they could afford it.

67. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

68. Persian Wars: 490 BCE – 479 BCE

69. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Marathon (490 BCE)
26.2 miles from Athens
25,000 Persians, under Persian Leader Darius‘
Greeks were out numbered 3 to 1
Greeks Won

71. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
25,000+ Persians led by Xerxes
Spartans hold them off till Sparta was betrayed.
Sparta Lost
Persia Marched and burned Athens

73. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy lured the Persian navy into the narrow Strait of Salamis.
Athenian Navy rowed their boats into the Persian Ships and sank them.
Athens is victorious.

75. After the Persian Wars
Greeks felt Strong and realized their place in the world.
Athens emerged as the most powerful City-State.
Delian League was Established – United Greek Allies.

76. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE
Direct Democracy was established

77. Golden “Age of Pericles”
Government Thrived
Economy Thrived
Athenian assembly established:
6000 members had to be present
You were paid for government Service.
Judge and Jury
Ostracism – Vote to send away a government official who threatened democracy.

78. Thucydides Historian who lived in the Age of Pericles.
Recorded events for Athens.

79. Peloponnesian Wars

80. Peloponnesian Wars 431 - 404 BCE (27 years)
Greek vs. Greek
Sparta vs. Athens
Sparta got help from Persia
After the War Athens was no longer a military power. It was however, the center for Greek Culture.

81. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates (469 – 399 BCE)
Know thyself!
question everything
Socratic Method of Teaching
Only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. 
At Age 70 he was put on trial for “corrupting the youth.”
He was sentenced to exile but choose suicide.

82. Great Athenian Philosophers
Plato (Socrates' Student)
The Academy (School)
The Importance of Reason
The Republic (book) His vision of an ideal state.
Did not trust democracy

83. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle (Plato's’ Student)
The Lyceum (School)
Study: Politics, Ethics, Logic, Biology, Literature, Math Etc.
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.

84. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles (Father of Tragedy)
Euripides
COMEDY:
Aristophanes (Father of Comedy)
Wrote: Lysistrata

85. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Pythagorean Theorem
Democritus
all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates –
“Father of Medicine”

86. Acropolis

87. The Acropolis Today

88. The Parthenon

89. The Agora
Was the term for a Marketplace

90. The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Greeks saw the human body as beautiful, they sculpted the body with realism and natural poses but had an idealistic approach.

91. Olympia

92. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

93. Olympia: Temple to Hera

94. The 2004 Olympics

95. Macedonia Under Philip II

96. Macedonia Under Philip II
Philip conquered and united all of Greece under the Macedonia Empire in 338 BCE.
Philip was assassinated, Alexander was placed on the Throne.
In 334 BCE Alexander conquered the weak and often rebellious Persian Empire. (Darius III was Emperor)

97. Alexander the Great

98. Alexander the Great’s Empire

99. Macedonia Under Alexander
In 331 BCE he took Babylon.
He conquered Egypt, Persia, India.
Alexander faced armies that had Elephants and Superior numbers.
Alexander died of a sudden fever. His Empire was divided up and fought over.

100. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

101. Alexander the Great in Persia

102. Hellenistic Culture – assimilation of Greek,
Greece:
324 BCE BCE
Hellenistic Culture – assimilation of Greek,
Indian, Egyptian and Persian Cultures.

103. The Hellenization of Asia Most lasting achievement was the spread of
Greek Culture.

104. The Lighthouse of Alexandria
Alexandria Egypt was the center of Hellenistic Culture

105. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

106. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoicism - Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will; just go with the flow
Avoid Desire.
get involved in politics to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

107. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus - heliocentric theory. Idea that sun is center of the solar-system.
Euclid wrote the Element – Modern Geometry
Archimedes – Physics Mastered the idea of a lever and a pulley.

108. Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than Greek art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age !