1. Animal Agriculture as a Science Agriculture: Oldest and most important of all sciences Science: Process by which we explain natural phenomena Domestication: The process of taming an animal to allow it to be raised under the supervision of humans Hypothesis: An educated guess – a testable statement

2. Experiment: A test that attempts to isolate a problem in question and determine the solution Control Group: The group that remains unchanged, it becomes the standard to compare the experimental effect against Experimental group: The group that is tested and varied to observe the effect

3. Environment: The total of all the external conditions that may have an effect upon an organism or community to influence it’s development or existence Omnivorous: Describing an animal that eats both plants and other animals Herbivores: An animal that eats plants as the main part of its diet

4. Hormones: Chemical substances that are secreted by glands in an animal’s body, that produce a certain effect Vaccinating: The process of injecting an animal with certain microorganisms in an effort to make the animal immune to specific diseases Immunity: Resistance to catching disease

6. Serum: The clear portion of any animal fluid Vaccines: The substance that contains live, modified, or dead organism that is injected into an animal to make it immune to a specific disease Pharmaceutical: A substance that is used as a drug to make the life of a person better

7. Science: process by which we explain natural phenomena. Nature - Complex environment we live in Natural laws control everything from gravity to weather Also control the way plants and animals live and grow

8. Agriculture the oldest science without it, we would still be gatherers understanding of nature has enabled us to produce enough food, and clothing to survive.

9. Agriculture is science develop and learn, practices improve efficiency of understanding has enabled a smaller percent of the population to produce food. Always using new technologies – Automatic cattle feeding – GPS systems on tractors – Laser leveling of fields – Round-up ready crops

10. Morrill Act – 1862 Morrill – senator from Vermont Grant of land to states Maintain at least one college Leading objective of college Promote both liberal and practical education Several pursuits and professions of life – 1) Industrial classes – 2) Agriculture and mechanic arts – 3) Military tactics Without excluding other scientific and classical studies

11. Hatch Act - 1887 Establish experiment stations Conduct research Physiology of plants and animals Diseases Chemical composition of useful plants Rotative cropping. Analysis of soils and water Chemical composition of manures Value of grasses and forage plants Composition and digestibility of food for domestic animals Production of butter and cheese.

12. Smith-Lever Act - 1914 Cooperative extension Instruction and practical demonstration. a. Agriculture b. Home Economics The Cooperative Extension takes the technology and information learned and developed at the Land-Grant Colleges and Experiment Stations to the general public

13. Smith-Hughes Act 1917 Vocational Education for high school students Prepared high school students for land grant colleges Opened the door for Vocational Student orginazations

14. Explain the concept of the scientific method; Scientific Method 1. Stating a problem - something is considered a problem if its solution is not obvious. Some crucial information is missing. Solving the problem involves finding this missing information.

15. 2. Collecting information on the problem -- the more you know about the problem the more precisely you can state the problem and the less time you will waste looking for solutions.

16. 3. Making a hypothesis- a. Use what you know about the problem to predict a solution and try it. b. Look for patterns that will help you make predictions about the problem. c. Make a model, or a representation, of what you’re working with. d. Break the problem down into smaller, simpler problems.

17. 4. Performing an experiment - design an experiment that will provide a means for you to make a solid conclusion about your hypothesis 5. Make a conclusion - a solid conclusion is related to the hypothesis and based on the results of a well designed experiment

18. Some of the discoveries that have revolutionized Animal Immunization Refrigeration Artificial Insemination Embryo Transfer Computers

19. List pharmaceuticals that are derived from animals; and Some examples of pharmaceuticals derived from animals are: Cortisone- gallbladder of cattle Insulin- pancreases of hogs Hormones- harvested animals Parts- ie. heart valve from pigs