1. The Last 100 Years of History in China

2. Bellringer What is globalization? Write a list of global issues Do you think that overall it’s a positive or negative force in the world today? Explain your answer.

3. About China: China is the third largest country in the world. It is the most populous country in the world. But, 90% of its population lives on 1/6 th of the area. Why?

7. Part 1: Last Dynasty in China Falls The Last Dynasty = Qing Dynasty. It lasted from 1644 to 1911 It falls, because... Weak and corrupt rulers Floods, famines, uprisings Emperor wasn’t taking care of people American & European nations were gaining more and more control in China

9. Part 2: China Becomes a “Republic.” Formed by “The Nationalists.” Chiang Kai-Shek The leader of The Nationalists and the new government of China was Chiang Kai-Shek. The Republic was not successful for many reasons: It was a harsh and oppressive government. It forbade freedom or speech. It ignored the problems of the peasants, like famine and poverty.

10. Part 2: China Becomes a “Republic.” After the Qing Dynasty falls a new type of government was formed for the first time in Chinese history. The new government was a “Republic.” Republic A Republic is a type of government where the power of the government rest in the hands of representatives selected by the people. The Republic was formed by a group of Chinese people called “The Nationalists.” Chiang Kai-Shek The leader of The Nationalists and the new government of China was Chiang Kai-Shek. The Republic was not successful for many reasons: It was a harsh and oppressive government. It forbade freedom or speech. It ignored the problems of the peasants, like famine and poverty.

11. Part 3: Communist Party Emerges Inspired by the Russian Revolution, a Communist Party formed in China. Mao Zedong One of the early leaders of the party was Mao Zedong. Chiang Kai Shek Overtime, the Communist won support of the peasants of China, whom began to hate the new Republic government led by Chiang Kai Shek.

12. Mao Zedong Communist Leader Chiang Kai-Shek Nationalist Leader

13. Part 4: Japan Invades China Japan During the middle of China’s failing Republic, Japan conveniently and strategically invaded China. For a very short period of time, The Nationalists and the Communists joined together to help fight the Japanese. The Chinese were not successful in gaining control until after Japan loses WWII.

14. Part 5: Civil War in China After WWII and Japan invades China, a civil war breaks out in China between The Nationalists and the Communists. Civil War The Civil War lasted from 1946 to 1949, but the tensions began all the way back to WWI. The Communist win due to the help from the peasants.

15. Dynasty Communist Civil War! Republic

16. Part 6: China Becomes a Communist Government Mao Zedong Mao Zedong becomes the leader of China. Mao Zedong rules from 1949 to 1976. Mao was a strict, brutal, and oppressive leader who contributed to thousands of deaths in China.

17. Mao Zedong

18. Influence of Soviet Socialism Mao looked to the example of the Soviet communists Receives loans, equipment and technical support to modernize the economy Collectivized the land, increased agricultural production Used Five-Year Plans to industrialize

19. Part 7: China Changes 1. Women Equality 2. Industrialization 3. Collectiveness 4. Redistribution of Land 5. Literacy

20. Part 7: China Changes 1. Women Equality 1. Women Equality – Mao said, “Women hold up half the sky,” when he gave women equal rights in China. Why would he do this? 2. Industrialization 2. Industrialization – Mao emphasized the increase in factories, industries, and manufacturing to help China’s economy. 3. Collectiveness 3. Collectiveness – Mao emphasized the communist trait of collectiveness, everything is everyone’s. Example: The farm land, the houses, and the market is everyone’s in the village. Sharing! 4. Redistribution of Land 4. Redistribution of Land – Mao encouraged peasants to over take landowners and lords, kill them and redistribute their land, houses, and riches amongst the poor. 5. Literacy 5. Literacy – Mao encouraged Chinese people to learn to read. This was fairly successful.

22. Part 8: China Splits From the Soviet Union In 1961, China and the Soviet Union had a scuffle, and they broke their friendship. The Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution As a result of this split, China became extremely harsh, and it goes through 2 major events: The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.

23. Part 9: The Great Leap Forward A movement led by Mao from 1958 to 1961 that called for all Chinese people to … Return to the countryside. Live in rural group homes Focus only on industrial products, like steel and iron Neglect agricultural production. The result was widespread famine and millions of deaths.

24. Mao’s Interpretation of the Great Leap Forward

26. Part 10: Cultural Revolution A movement from 1966-1976. Mao’s “revolution” that called for… Get rid of all elders of villages & replace with younger generation. Books, plays, and any type of artistic expression was forbidden. The destruction of anything “old” or “ancient.” Example: Parts of The Great Wall were destroyed because the wall represented “old and backward” China.

28. Little Red Book

29. Results of Cultural Revolution Wide scale disruption of industry and agriculture. Young people formed gangs that went throughout China killing and torturing anyone old or capitalist. Many older people, artists, writers, leaders, or intellectuals were killed or sent to the countryside for “re- education.” Historic artifacts, monuments, temples, etc. were completely destroyed or stolen throughout China.

31. China’s Revolutionary Process 1. Political Changes: 1. Political Changes: 1949 marked the end of the political revolution 2. Economical Changes: 2. Economical Changes: The economic revolution continued through the 1950s with the Great Leap Forward (which failed). 3. Cultural Changes: 3. Cultural Changes: Then, the cultural revolution to reform the people themselves (get rid of the ‘olds’) and make China “new.” So…how successful was the Chinese Revolutionary process?

32. Part 11: Mao Dies 1976- Mao dies. Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping replaces Mao and a new government forms that is not so brutal and not so communist.

33. Part 12: Improving China 2 Goals Deng made for China: 1. Change the economy by giving people more rights and not making the government so controlling. Allow private property for the first time in years. 2. Open China to the world by forming foreign relationships and trading.

34. Tian’namen Square - 1989

35. China TODAY: Politics Politics: Still considers itself “communist” The government today is a mix between capitalism and socialism. Example Example: Private property and businesses are allowed, but are often overseen by government agencies. Economy Economy: China has the world’s fastest growing economy It is the world’s largest exporter. There are many new billion dollar companies Individual people in China are still struggling.

36. 1. Consumer Product Growth 2. Foreigners Countries Invest More Results of Deng’s Changes

37. 5. Gap Between Rich and Poor Grows Results of Deng’s Changes

38. 6. Rural and Urban Gap Grows Results of Deng’s Changes

39. 8. Environmental Degradation Results of Deng’s Changes 7. Modernization

40. Major Issues in China Today Overpopulation Problems Overpopulation Problems One Child Policy— Adopted in 1979 One Child Policy— Adopted in 1979 Law that allows married couple to only have one child. This was done in order to solve the overpopulation problem in China. Note: That the birth rate was dropping already—ahem— industrialization will do that. This resulted in a large decrease in the women population in China. Human Trafficking Selling and buying children Abducting women and selling them to become wives or prostitutes.

42. Restrictions Still in China Today 1. Internet censorship 2. Restricted on forming your own political party. 3. Restricted on forming a large spiritual group. 4. Public Shaming is still allowed today. Example: Prostitutes are put on display, handcuffed, in public squares as punishment still today.

44. Contemporary China Article Topics One-Child Policy China’s new leader China’s consumerism Cancer Rates in China Air pollution Space Exploration China’s influence in Africa Food safety Google in China Youth & the Chinese Dream China’s Tibet policy Migrants & Chinese factories

45. Things to consider What’s the issue? Possible causes Possible solutions How is the issue unique to China? How is it representative of a global issue? What are the connections to the rest of the world? What are the benefits and conflicts of this issue? Does it lead to a brighter future for humanity?