1. I.T In The Development Of India’s Infrastructure By DR T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India ) Former: Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited & Information Technology Advisor, Government of Andhra Pradesh T: +91(40) 6667-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121® F: +91 (40) 6667-1111, 2789-6103 hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com thc@satyam.com Talk @ Institution of Engineers, HYD:Sunday the 24 Feb 2008

2. THC_CTMSS378_Feb082 Two varieties of Infrastructures (1) The hard part consists of : Road ways Railways Airways and Airports Water ways ( river & sea) and Ports and Harbours Power & Power Grids Dams & Rives; National Water Grid ( as in Israel) and Irrigation Networks

3. THC_CTMSS378_Feb083 Two varieties of Infrastructures (2) The soft infrastructure comprises of Education Health Judicial Courts National Security Defence Systems

4. THC_CTMSS378_Feb084 ICTs Comprise of (Obsolete): Telegraph, telex, Fax? Current: Telephones (mobiles: 3.5 bln & fixed phones 1.5 bln) –PCs; Laptops; Internet –GPS.GIS; TV [Over the air & cable] –Radio [digital, FM] –LANs, WANs, MANs,-Wifi; WiMAX –Email –Optical Fiber Cable [undersea & underground] –Microwave Radio: Satellite & Terrestrial

5. THC_CTMSS378_Feb085 ICTs Permeate ICTs Permeate as well as are an Infrastructure by themselves: Facilitating economic and fast construction, operation and performance of other infrastructures

6. THC_CTMSS378_Feb086 Hard Part of ICT Infrastructure Electronic/Photonic highways of optical fiber cables & (underground & undersea) micro-wave radio (terrestrial i/c wifi, wiMax; and satellite)

7. THC_CTMSS378_Feb087 Soft Part of ICT Infrastructure Computers, computer networks, Internet, Websites Software Search Engines Security Systems Anti-Viruses; Anti-hacking Anti-crime Freedom on the Net………..

8. THC_CTMSS378_Feb088 Hard ICT Infra-structure providers BSNL, MTNL & P-Telcos Rail Telecommunications GAIL PGCL Cable TV companies Numerous Satellite & (INTELSAT, INMARSAT) Undersea Cable systems like SeMeWe, FLAG, TYCO;….. SWANs VPNs.. (Eg. SIFY)

9. THC_CTMSS378_Feb089 ICTs as Facilitators of other Infrastructures e-MIS, e-Procurement, Operational enhancement Process & Operations Control [Power Stations & distribution] Planning Aids; GIS; GPS

10. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0810 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures GPS & GIS for planning and execution of every projects - railways, roadways, airways or airports, water ways, power and power grids, dams and rivers etc. Digitised maps and their storage in web sites and access to them from anywhere.

11. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0811 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures The passenger reservation of the Railways benefits tens of millions of people. Now tickets can be purchased and reservation can be made on the Internet. ICT-based signaling, Railways are able to move more trains on the same track and faster.

12. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0812 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures  Air traffic control is totally based on ICTs. Night landing & instrument landing are entirely ICT – based. The training of pilots is also IT-based. The handling of cargo, customs clearances in Ports and Harbours Singapore Port Authority is the greatest example of the most efficient operation and utilisation of the port capacity by use of ICT.

13. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0813 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures Israel conserves every drop of rain that falls; stored and distributed through the national water grid. The utilization of water for different types of plants, in different quantities, is all computer and telecom network assisted. Electricity networks use SCADA and telemetry.

14. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0814 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures E-learning based upon Internet and on the ICT networks is making possible life-long learning and the migration of knowledge- workers from one type of work to another and even from one country to another, depending upon the demand.

15. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0815 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures Hospital administration and health care including health education use. Shankar Nethralaya, Fortis, Apollo Hospitals are hospital chains which are pooling talent and delivering health care by using ICT networks. Intensive Care Units (ICU) in different locations are under the surveillance of the most talented doctors, not distributed in every hospitals but in a central location.

16. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0816 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures Tele-medicine and even tele-surgery are helping the health care. In Andhra Pradesh, EMRI conceived and installed and operated by Byraju Foundation funded by Satyam Computer service is an example of ICT-based medical service Use of IT in the High Courts and the Supreme Court is improving the efficiency of the hearing of cases and delivery of judgments and their access to lawyers and public.

17. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0817 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures National security, is increasingly dependent upon the use of ICTs. Narco tests, night vision equipped helicopters, IT networks for intelligence agencies are improving the efficiency of anti-terrorist activities. Satellite tracking and imagery of the hide outs of Maoists is another application.

18. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0818 Some Applications in Some Infrastructures Electronic warfare is reducing the toll of human life in war. Tanks, armored vehicles and even soldiers are fitted with ICT-devices and commanders from remote areas are able to see the entire battle field and direct individual tanks for kill operations. Spy satellites are enabling the defence organizations sizing up the army dispositions in enemy countries.

19. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0819 Sub-version & Crime on the Net China has a 30,000 strong Net (monitoring police) USA Counters it by…. China recruits its best brains to hack US defences

20. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0820 Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical December 2007:British media say Chinese hackers broke into computers of Rolls-Royce, the British airplane-engine maker, and the oil giant Royal Dutch Shell; British authories reportedly issue a blanket warning of more such attacks to come from China

21. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0821 Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical SUMMBER 2007: Governments of Germany, Australia, New Zealand and Britain report intrusions from what are alleged to be Chinese sources July 2006: Chinese hackers break inot the US Commerce Department bureau responsible for exporting software and technology

22. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0822 Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical July 2004: South Korea’s intelligence office says Chinese hackers are responsible for attacking 10 government agencies 2003-2005: A series of concerted hacker attacks on US government facilities, code- named Titan Rain, is blamed on Chinese hackers

23. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0823 Dangerous Vulnerabilities The more computer & software dependent an infrastructure is the more vulnerable it is to cyber-attacks National power grids Air Traffic controls Railway signalling and goods carriage/distribution National Telecoms

24. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0824 Dangerous Vulnerabilities National defences especially, missile, air-force, radar, eves-dropping intelligence Anti-terrorism operations & data bank networks (profiling passports, visa & Interpol) Banking System Stock-exchanges & international trade R & D and Education networks

25. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0825 US & China US & China are engaged in the most deadly cyber battles China continuously hacks Pentagon & other defences China has a 30,000 strong IT-trained cyber police US assaults, “The Great Fire-Wall of China” & Saudi Arabia, S Korea & Iran; spends $164 mln on this exercise US funds, “Reporters Without Borders” Program

26. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0826 The use of IT can be summed up by this shloka from the Bhagawad Gita. Sarvatah pani-padam tat Sarvato'ksi-siro-mukham Sarvatah shrutimal loke Sarvam avrtya tishthati (B.G. 13.13) (It has its hands and feet every where, its eyes and head and mouth every where, in all the worlds is it in its splendour, it is pervading all space).

27. THC_CTMSS378_Feb0827 DHANYWAD: THANK YOU