1. Unit 7: Renaissance and Reformation

2. What is the Renaissance? When and where does it happen?
Begins in Florence, Italy in the mid-1300s
Rebirth in thinking (politically, socially, economically, and culturally)Influenced by Greek and Roman writings
Old thinking centered on religion; centers on human experience and achievements-humanism

3. Causes
1.Trade/Crusades 2.Plague and wars made people question church and religion 3.Most citizens were wealthy and well educated 4. Ruins in Rome reminded people of once great civilizations Most historians mark the Renaissance as the beginning of the modern era

4. What changed during the Renaissance?
Use the handout to help answer this question.
Value and enjoy worldly activities-education, art, curiosity, luxuries
Individualism
Valued talents and take pride in abilities- ‘Universal Man’
Focused on the Greek and Roman writings- sought guidelines for living
Changes in art- focus on natural world, humans, perspective
Questioning power of the church/state-Rise of Secularism

5. Renaissance Thought Renaissance Thought Celebrate Human achievements
People should lead meaningful lives
Life is to be enjoyed
Celebrate Human achievements
Individualism
Support the arts

6. Leonardo da Vinci Artist, Architect, Painter, Sculptor, Scientist.
Painted the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Proportions of Man,

7. Michelangelo Painter, ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Sculptor, David and Pieta
Also designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica

8. Sistine Chapel

9. Machiavelli Wrote The Prince, about what it takes to make it politics
Examined how imperfect humans are
Founder of modern political science

10. Raphael Studied Michelangelo and da Vinci
Painter-mostly religious scenes and portraits
The School of Athens is his most famous work

11. Renaissance Spreads Causes 1. Trade
2. Rulers supported arts/universities
3.Johannes Gutenberg- Printing Press(1450) Used his printing press to print copies of the Bible.
Printing press helped spread new humanists ideas and knowledge to a larger audience.!

12. People of the Northern Renaissance

13. Desiderius Erasmus
Asked for the Bible to be translated for all to read
Criticized church’s lack of spirituality , too many ceremonies
Best work, The Praise of Folly
Satirical view of the Church and their practices(fasting, pilgrimages, interpretation of scripture)

14. Thomas More Condemned the government as corrupt
Wrote Utopia, which described an ideal society
Executed for not recognizing King of England as head of Church

15. William Shakespeare Greatest playwright
Hamlet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet, etc.

16. The Reformation
Luther Excommunicated
Use Chapter 15, section 3 to complete both sides of the worksheet and complete the pyramid on a separate sheet.
Due Wednesday
Left Side-Causes, events leading to Luther’s Excommunication
Right Side- Events between Excommunication and New Church
Lutheran Church
Established

17. Reformation: Movement for religious reform
Questioned power of the Church
Salvation only possible through the Roman Catholic Church
Church too interested in money
Sold Indulgences- Release from all or parts of punishment of sin
Popes were political leaders and not spiritual, moral leaders
Some were even criminal
Pope moves to Avignon, France
Multiple Popes
Begins in Germany(not unified)
Era is marked with mass violence against the new “protesters”

18. Martin Luther To rebuild St. Peter’s, the Pope sold indulgences
Martin Luther, a monk, dislikes this and posted 95 Theses on a church door(1517)
Ideas form the basis of Lutheranism (Protestantism)
Uses printing press to spread ideas

19. Luther Preached
Salvation through God’s forgiveness requires strong inner faith, not works or deeds
People must repent themselves, have a personal relationship with God
Teachings based on the Bible; church traditions are false (Bible only has two sacraments- Baptism and Holy Communion)
All people in faith are equal, do not need a priest to interpret the Bible for them(bible is the true authority of Christianity, not the church or the pope)

20. Luther on Trial
Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther, declared a heretic (1520)
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V put Luther on trial to retract his comments, but he wouldn’t
Edict of Worms: Declared Luther an outlaw within the Empire and no one should give him foods or shelter , or print his works

21. Luther in Hiding and Beyond
Luther hid in a castle and translated the Bible in to German
Established new Lutheran Church
Spreads throughout Germany
Peace of Augsburg- each prince can choose state’s own religion
Luther’s break with the church sets off a time bomb of new sects or Christian groups

22. Reformation Review Questions
Who was the most important person in the Reformation?
What event begins the Reformation?
What was one of the causes of the Reformation?
How do Protestant beliefs differ from Catholic?

23. The Reformation in England:King Henry VIII
One of the most well known Kings in European history
(wives, violence, fat)
Hopes to reconquer land for England(France)
King Henry was married to Catherine of Aragon
Spain/England

24. Henry VIII
King Henry was married to Catherine of Aragon and they had a daughter, Mary
Henry wanted a divorce to get a son and to marry Anne Boleyn
Henry argued their marriage was against the Church because Catherine was his brother’s widow
Pope Clement VII said no

25. Henry VIII Henry fought for 5 years for divorce, lost
So instead, he started a new church, Church of England (Anglican Church-protestant/catholic)
King(himself) was head of the church, not the pope
Catherine was imprisoned in a castle(dies mysteriously) and Henry married Anne (and had one daughter)
Led to war with Catholic Spain

26. Wife #2: Anne Boleyn
Mother to Elizabeth
Executed-Beheaded
Wife #3:Jane Seymour
Mother to King Edward VI
Died in child birth
Wife #5:
Catherine Howard
Executed-Beheaded
Wife #6:
Katherine Parr
Survived
Wife #4: Anne of Cleves
Divorced

27. Edward VI Son of King Henry VIII and son of Jane Seymour
King at age 9, so other really ruled and they strengthened Protestantism
At 16, he fell ill and named his cousin as his successor

28. Queen Mary Tudor Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
Married Philip II of Spain to restore Catholicism (and get a Catholic heir)
Killed Protestants- “Bloody Mary”
Died after 5 years as Queen

29. Queen Elizabeth Daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Took over when Mary died
Restored Protestantism but supported religious toleration
Spanish Armada, led by her brother-in-law Philip II, attacked England and lost

30. Calvinism John Calvin Predestination Strict Religious rules Theocracy
Fatalism, Determinism, and Free Will Reading

31. The Catholic Counter-Reformation-Council of Trent
Catholic Church held a meeting to finalize their response to the reformation
1. Church’s interpretation of Bible is final
2. Need faith and good works for salvation
3. Bible and Church traditions are equally powerful forces in guiding one’s life
4. Indulgences are valid expressions of one’s faith

32. Results of The Reformation
150 years of religious wars
Many different churches
Increased power of national government(kings-queens)
Decreased power of Pope