1. Globalization and Culture In a globalized world, connections are many and simple answers few

2. Globalization  A force or process that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders  A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide  The scale of the world is shrinking  Not literally but in the ability of a person, object, or idea to interact in other portions of the globe

3. Transnational Corporations  Sometimes called Multinational Corporations  Conduct research, operates factories, sell products in many countries  Business and economy are major components of Globalization  Media, internet, and economy are major methods leading to the interconnectedness of world

4. GLOBALIZATION  Transnational (multinational) Companies  They invest in foreign operations, central corporate facility, conduct research + development, operate factories & market products - not just where their headquarters + primary shareholders exist

6. McDonald’s world locations map

12. Globalization  Struggle between global forces versus individualism of locations and regions  High-tech communications and global marketing of standardized products seem if they might wash away distinctiveness of people and places

13. Globalization  Thus far regionalism still remain strong Globalization variously embraced, resisted, subverted, and exploited as it makes contact with specific cultures and settings. As a result places are modified or reconstructed rather than destroyed or homogenized

14. Culture  Culture refers not only to the music, literature, and arts of a society but also to all the other features of its way of life: mode of dress; routine living habits; food preferences; architecture of houses and public buildings; layout of fields and farms; and system of education, government, and law  Includes non-tangibles like lifestyles or values or beliefs  Culture is not Genetically Predetermined

15. Culture  Cultural Trait  Identify a single attribute of a culture  Cultural Hearth  Is an area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse Example could be the location where Islam began

16. HEARTH * The source area of any innovation. The source area from which an idea, crop, artifact, or good is diffused to other areas. Cultural Hearth

17. Diffusion  The process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth or source to other places  Whether diffusion of a cultural trait occurs depends, in part, on time and distance from the hearth  Time-distance decay

18. Diffusion  “process by which molecules travel from a higher concentration to a lower concentration” TYPES OF DIFFUSION  Expansion Diffusion – idea or innovation spreads outward from the hearth Contagious – spreads adjacently + rapidly Hierarchical – spreads to most linked people or places first. Stimulus – idea promote a local experiment or change in the way people do things. * Relocation Diffusion – spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

19. http://www.pbs.org/front lineworld/stories/bhutan /

21. Expansion Diffusion Contagious

22. Expansion Diffusion Hierarchical - a phenomenon spreads as a result of a group, usually the social elite, spreading ideas or patterns in a society

23. Crocs  Sold first in 2002 and 2003 at boat shows  Crocs diffused from boater to gardeners  Contagious diffusion lead to the spread of the crocs to the rest of the public  In 2007 had revenues in excess of $800 million

24. Stimulus Diffusion Because Hindus believe cows are holy, cows often roam the streets in villages and towns. The McDonalds restaurants in India feature veggie burgers.

25. Relocation Diffusion The physical spread of these people or their movement from one place to another

26. Spatial Interaction  Study of how places are connected to each other  Distribution is often discussed when discussing spatial interaction  Density, Concentration, and pattern are the three aspects of distribution

27. Spatial distribution What processes create and sustain the pattern of a distribution? Map of Cholera Victims in London’s Soho District in 1854. The patterns of victim’s homes and water pump locations helped uncover the source of the disease.

28. Density  How often an object occurs within a given area or space  Often in terms of arithmetic density which is number divided by amount of land

29. Distribution Density, Concentration, & Pattern Fig. 1-18: The density, concentration, and pattern (of houses in this example) may vary in an area or landscape. SPACE: DISTRIBUTION: DENSITY - arithmetic density – how? CONCENTRATION - clustered - dispersed PATTERN

30. Concentration  This is asking the question of proximity of a particular phenomenon over the area in which it is spread  Clustered or agglomerated - items are close to each other  Dispersed or scattered – items are spread out  Different from density in that density is quantity while concentration is are they near or far from each other

31. Pattern Analysis: Density vs. Dispersion Which square mile has the higher density, (a) or (b)? Which square is more dispersed, (a) or (b)?

32. Pattern  How are the objects organized in their space  Linear in a single line  Centralized clustered together near or around something  Random lacking any for seen patern

33. Various Pattern Arrangements What phenomena could explain the patterns shown in A, B, and C?