1. The Developing Person Chapter Four

2. Major Themes of Development  Nature/Nurture  Continuity/Stage  Stability/Change  Physical, Mental, Social

3. Prenatal Development  Zygote  Fertilized egg  100 cells in a week  Differentiation  Embryo  After 10 days  Attach to uterine wall  Next 6 weeks  Organs begin to function: heart, liver  Fetus  9 weeks  By month six, self sufficient enough to stand chance of survival

4. Fetal Development  By end of sixth month  Responsive to sound  Mother’s voice studies  Teratogens  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)  Newborn – “a blooming, buzzing confusion” -WJ  Reflexes  Rooting Rooting  Babinski Babinski  Moro/ “Startle” Reflex Moro  Voice Recognition/Mother Preferences

5. Infant Cognitive Development  Piaget’s Copernican Revolution  The Basics  Schemas  Assimilation  Accomodation  Stage Theory  Cognitive Development  The following slides will outline each of Piaget’s stages...

6. Sensorimotor Stage  Birth to 2 years old  The world is basically experienced through the senses and motor skills and their interactions with each other and with the environment  Object permanence is lacked until about 6 months Object permanence  Life without abstract thought  Modern research has fine tuned this stage  Newborns have more abilities than Piaget had expected

7. Preoperational Stage  2 to 6 years old  Moving away from simple sense and motor experience with the world, but still not quite abstract  Lack the idea of conservationconservation  “real room” vs. model room studies  Children acquire conservation earlier than Piaget had expected  Children in the stage are Egocentric  They lack the ability to see the world through others’ eyes  “Three mountain” task “Three mountain” task  Children start to develop a theory of mind during this phase  “Me” vs. “You”

8. Finally...  Concrete Operational Phase Concrete  7 to 11 years  Begin to be able to comprehend mathematic equations  Need to have the “concrete” material to manipulate  Formal Operational Phase  12 to adulthood  Purely abstract reasoning

9. Infant Social Development  The Basics  Attachment  Separation anxiety/stranger anxiety  Secure vs. insecure  Ainsworth’s strange situation studies  Body contact  Harlow’s Monkey Study Harlow  Familiarity  Critical period  Konrad Lorenz/imprinting Konrad Lorenz  Parenting  Authoritarian/Permissive/Authoritative  Day Care

10. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages Infancy Toddlerhood Preschool Elementary Adolescent Young Adult Middle Adult Late Adult Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy/Shame Initiative/Guilt Competence/ Inferiority Identity/Role Conf Intimacy/Isolation Generative/Stag. Integrity/despair 0-1year 1-2years 3-5years 6-puberty Teens-twenties 20s-40s 40s-60s 60s and up

11. Kohlberg’s Moral Stages  Preconventional (before 9 years)  Morality because of reward/punishment  Conventional (adolescence)  Morality for social good  Postconventional (????)  Morality for ultimate good  Carol Gilligan

12. Freud’s Psychosexual Theory StageCharacteristics Oral (0-2yr)Activity centered around the mouth Anal (2-4yr)Potty training Phallic (4-mid childhood) Egocentric, overly confident Latency (middle childhood) Sexual denial and repression Genital )(adol. – adult) Adopts traditional attitudes toward sex