1. Key Issue 3: Why are different places similar?
Chapter 1
Key Issue 3: Why are different places similar?

2. 3 major concepts
Explain why two places or regions can display similar features
Scale: From local to global
Space: Distribution of Features
Connections between places

3. Scale: From Local to Global
What are some examples of a local scale?
State
Town/City
Neighborhood
Global scales show broad patterns of entire world
Where is population growing?
Religion
Location of industry/factories

4. Globalization The world is becoming interdependent on a global scale
More uniform world
Small scales are becoming less important
Few people can live without global interaction

5. Globalization Every place in world is part of global economy
Different specializations
Raw materials
Workers
Transnational Corporation
Invest and operate in many countries
Communication & Transportation make for easy trade

6. Globalization of the Economy
Fig. 1-17: The Denso corporation is headquartered in Japan, but it has regional headquarters and other facilities in North America and Western Europe.

7. Starbucks Largest coffee shop in the world
Over 17,000 stores in 55 countries
Coffee grown all over the world
TNCs
Choose location best for
Raw materials
Produce parts
Sell products
Manage operations

8. Globalization of Economy
Transnational Corporations
Play a large part in spatial division of labor
What areas have cheap labor force?
Policies on unions?
Safety standards?
Worker skills?

9. Globalization of Culture
All around world people wear Nikes, eat McDonalds, drink Coca-Cola
English is the unofficial language of globalization
People all over world are displaying less differences and more similarities in culture
Local culture/traditions are threatened
Africans converting to Christianity or Islam
Al-Qaeda terrorism, opposed to globalization
Globalization Video

10. Space: Distribution of Features
Arrangement of people and activities around world
Why are they distributed the way they are?
An action at one point in space can result from something happening somewhere else AND can affect conditions elsewhere

11. Distribution The arrangement of a feature in space Concentration
Ex: A building or a community
Three Main Properties:
Concentration
Density
Pattern

12. Density The frequency with which something occurs in space
People, houses, cars, volcanoes
Kilometers, miles, acres, etc
Arithmetic Density
Total number of objects in an area
Number of people divided by its area
Ex: 345 persons per square mile

13. Distribution: Density, Concentration, & Pattern
Fig. 1-18: The density, concentration, and pattern (of houses in this example) may vary in an area or landscape.

14. Density Physiological Density Agricultural Density
Number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture
Does that country have enough food to sustain population?
Agricultural Density
Number of farmers per unit area of farmland

15. Concentration The extent of a feature’s spread over space Clustered
Objects close together
Dispersed
Objects far apart

16. Pattern Geometric arrangement of objects in space
Draw a map of your neighborhood
Draw a map of your ideal neighborhood
Dispersed or clustered?
Any pattern?
Google Maps

17. Density and Concentration of Baseball Teams, 1952 & 2007
Fig. 1-19: The changing distribution of North American baseball teams illustrates the differences between density and concentration.

18. Gender and Ethnic Diversity in Space
Looks at location based on gender and ethnicity
How do families choose location of home?
Mom? Dad? Where are their daily activities?
Neighborhoods usually consist of one color
People want to reinforce their cultural identity w similar people
Homosexuals
Similar trends of living where they “fit in”

19. Diffusion
Process by which a characteristic spreads across space over time
Hearth: where it originates
Relocation Diffusion: spread of an idea through physical movement of people
Ethnic Restaurants in Silver Spring?

20. Space-Time Compression, 1492-1962
Fig. 1-20: The times required to cross the Atlantic, or orbit the earth, illustrate how transport improvements have shrunk the world.

21. Airline Route Networks
Fig. 1-21: Continental Airlines, like many others, has configured its route network in a “hub and spoke” system.

22. Diffusion Expansion Diffusion: snowball process of spreading
Hierarchical
Contagious
Stimulus

23. Hierarchical Diffusion
Spread of an idea from an authority to other persons
Fashion Design
Rap music

24. Contagious Diffusion
Rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout population
Flu
AIDS prevention
Internet: ideas spread quickly
Like the wave

25. AIDS Diffusion in the US, 1981-2002
Fig. 1-22: New AIDS cases were concentrated in three nodes in They spread through the country in the 1980s, but declined in the original nodes in the late 1990s.

26. Swine Flu Current outbreak of swine flu in U.S. 162 cases this year
(only 13 last year)
What might a human geographer ask about the outbreak to better understand it?

27. Which type of diffusion?

28. Stimulus Diffusion Spread of an underlying principle
Principle often adopts changes
Example: McDonalds in India
Hamburgers vs Veggie burgers

29. Diffusion of Culture and Economy
Transportation & Communication
Rapidly diffuse raw materials, goods, services & capital
Every area of world is affected
3 major centers: North America, Western Europe & Japan
Adv. Technology, capital, wealth
affects the rest of world
Farmers who used to provide for family, now forced to mass produce crops for TNCs

30. Uneven Development Cultural Aspects
Increasing economic gap between regions in core and periphery
Wealth continues to grow in Core areas, leaving parts of world behind
Cultural Aspects
Communication is known throughout world, but not accessible to all.
Restricted access due to wealth, gender, minorities

31. Big Mac Geography