1. Abuja FCT Building a Thriving City that Contributes to Nigeria’s Development Success

2. Outline Urbanization in Nigeria Abuja FCT Population Dynamics Population and Development: The Crucial Links What Can We Do?

3. Urbanization in Nigeria Photo by E Herrera

4. Nigeria has experienced and is still experiencing one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the world. With growth rates in urban areas almost double those in rural areas. Growth rates are even higher in Abuja FCT, as people flock to the city in search of greener pastures. 4 Photo by Shiraz Chakera

5. 5 World Population Prospects 2009 Nigeria Urban/Rural Population Urban Population Rural Population After 2010, Nigeria became more urban than rural

6. Focusing on the urban population is key to Nigeria meeting its overall economic and development goals. Nigeria will not be able to meet its MDGs or Vision 2020 without addressing the growing urban population. 6 Photo by: Bonnie NURHI

7. Presentation by Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Nigeria 2005 Nigeria has a Vision for Urban Development The National Urban Development Policy calls for:  Providing adequate shelter for all  Poverty reduction and economic empowerment  Ensuring environmental sustainability  Good governance and socio economic development “The Urbanization process is irreversible in Nigeria and must therefore be turned into opportunities for growth”

8. However, there are challenges with policy implementation which is resulting in poor quality of life for city residents, especially among the urban poor. One of the key challenges in policy implementation of the urbanization plan is the rapid growth in the population of cities. This creates a situation where the government is unable to:  Maintain and expand infrastructure  Provide adequate, high quality social services  Create an environment that is conducive for economic development 8 Photo by: Bonnie NURHI

9. Abuja FCT’s Urban Population Photo by E Herrera

10. 10 Let’s focus on 2 urban areas

11. Current Situation 1.4 million total population in these 2 areas 32% of married women use a modern method of family planning More than 100 maternal deaths per year On average, each woman has just under 4 children

12. Source: Abuja Population Structure 12 FemaleMale 38% of population are under age 15

13. Source: Dependency Burden 2011 Population of Abuja, projected using the 2006 census 13 Female Every adult supports 1.5 dependents Male

14. Population and Development Photo by E Herrera

15. A much larger working age population compared to the population in young dependent ages was a key factor in the Asian development miracle.  As families became smaller, dependency significantly declined.  Greater emphasis on population quality rather than quantity meant increased investments by the state  More and better educational opportunities emerged  Greater productivity  Investment in modern agriculture 15 Population and Economic Development are Linked Photo by Neajjean.

16. 16 Vicious Circle High Rates of Fertility Very Young Population with many Dependent Children Large Groups of Women Entering Reproductive Age More Women Having Children Larger Populations to be Supported Need for More Infrastructure and Services to Meet the Needs of the Population More and More Resources Needed Struggle to Keep up with Current Services, Inability to Expand Lack of Opportunity Poverty Gender Inequality Poor Health Illiteracy Maternal Mortality

17. A key component to the success of the Asian tigers was investment in family planning This led to improved quality of life and escalated economic development

18. 18 Source: NURHI/MLE Household Survey, 2011 and DHS and RHS Surveys Modern Contraceptive Use Percentage of Married Women using a Modern Contraceptive Method

19.  1 in 6 of the poorest women have an unmet need for family planning  Only 1 in 5 women want a child in the next 2 years  Only 1 in 6 men want a child in the next 2 years  Almost half of the women say it would be a “big problem” if they were to become pregnant in the next few weeks 19 Couples in Abuja FCT Want to Space their Births Photo by Neajjean.

20. RAPID Abuja FCT has an opportunity to improve the quality of life of its population Scenario 1: Maintain Current Trends What if things continued as they are now? Scenario 2: Investment in Family Planning What will happen if there is an investment in family planning and unmet need is met? 2 Potential Futures:

21.  Abuja FCT  Kaduna  Ilorin  Ibadan  Benin  Zaria NURHI aims to increase family planning by 20 percentage points in each city by providing quality services that couples can access. 21 Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) is a Project that is Supporting Quality Family Planning in 6 Nigerian Cities: Photo by Neajjean.

22. 22 Total Populations Actual and projected total populations of the 2 Abuja FCT areas Abuja NURHI Scenario Abuja Base Scenario Difference of more than half a million people

23. 23 Photos by Bonnie NURHI Impacts on Different Sectors HealthEducationInfrastructure

24. Nigeria National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development: January 2004 “All stakeholders need to appreciate the linkages of population factors with broader development issues like housing, education, health, agriculture, energy, environment, gender concerns, food security and the security of lives and property.”

25. Health Photo by Carla Gomo

26. 26 WHO 1:1,000 Recommendation Number of Nurses Required Abuja NURHI Scenario Abuja Base Scenario Assuming the WHO standard of 1 nurse per 1,000 population

27. 27 Human Resources for Health by African Health Workforce Observatory 2002 Health Resources Required Based on Per Capita Health Spending Abuja Base Scenario Abuja NURHI Scenario 67.1 million Naira saved 2011–2015 5.9 billion Naira saved 2011–2035

28. Human Resources for Health by African Health Workforce Observatory NURHI Health Savings 2015 & 2035 Comparison between actual and recommended per capita spending Cumulative savings generated by achieving the NURHI Scenario instead of the Base Scenario Per Capita Spending in Health 2011–2015 Savings 2011–2035 Savings Actual: 1,200 Naira 67.1million5.9 billion Recommended: 5,100 Naira 285 million25.2 billion

29. “The key challenges to reducing infant mortality include population, declining resources and wide geographic variations.” Nigeria Millennium Development Goals: Report 2010 Major challenges to reducing maternal mortality include “a dearth of skilled personnel and a shortage of family planning facilities”. Photo by Bonnie NURHI

30. Year Abuja Base Projection Abuja NURHI Projection 201162 20156151 20355546 Risky Births Percentage of births with any risk factor High risk births can result in maternal and infant deaths and are very expensive to attend to at health facilities.

31. 31 Maternal Deaths Averted Abuja Base Scenario Abuja NURHI Scenario 1,326 Maternal Deaths Averted 2011–2035 72 Maternal Deaths Averted 2011–2015 222

32. 32 Under 5 Deaths Averted Averted Deaths in Children 0-4 years Abuja Base Scenario Abuja NURHI Scenario 88,551 Under 5 Deaths Averted 2011–2035 4,119 Under 5 Deaths Averted 2011–2015 13,541 19,427

33. Infant Mortality Rate Number of deaths to babies less than 1 year old for every 1,000 births Year Abuja Base Projection Abuja NURHI Projection 201172 20157047 20355634 Infant Deaths Averted: 2,691 between 2011–2015 43,766 between 2011–2035

34. Health Benefits of Investing in Family Planning Reduce the number of maternal, infant and child deaths Free up resources that can be invested in strategies to improve quality and access to essential health services Reduce the strain on health staff and infrastructure Increase in life expectancy

35. Education Photo by Carla Gomo

36. 36 Primary School Aged Children Number of Children Ages 6–11 Abuja NURHI Scenario Abuja Base Scenario

37. 37 Based on Ministry of Education standards Primary Teachers Required Abuja NURHI Scenario Abuja Base Scenario

38. 38 Previous slide showed the number of teachers required based on this same distribution. It would take additional effort to make sure that all teachers are qualified. National Bureau of Statistics: Social Statistics in Nigeria 2009 Quality of Primary Teachers Abuja FCT

39. 39 Basic Education Aged Children Number of Children Ages 6–15 Abuja NURHI Scenario Abuja Base Scenario

40. Education Benefits of Investing in Family Planning Reduce the strain on teachers and infrastructure Assist Abuja FCT in meeting the Education Sector goal of universal basic education Free up resources that can be invested in strategies to improve the quality of education and prepare the next generation to participate in the global economy

41. Infrastructure Photo by E Herrera

42. 42 Spectrum Projections using data from NURHI/MLE Baseline Data, 2011 Housing Requirements Average household size of 4.0 people Abuja NURHI Scenario Abuja Base Scenario

43. 43 Spectrum Projection New Jobs Required Abuja Base Scenario Abuja NURHI Scenario 88,071 fewer new jobs required 2025–2035

44. 44 Annual Production of Waste (in kilograms) Babayemi et al. 2009 Abuja NURHI Projection Abuja Base Projection Solid Waste Generation Photos by Bonnie NURHI

45. 45 Urban Water Targets from Vision 2020 (80 liters in 2011, 100 liters by 2015, 120 liters by 2020) Report of the Vision 2020, July 2009 Abuja NURHI Projection Abuja Base Projection Photo By: Bonnie NURHI Water Supplies Photos by Bonnie NURHI

46. Infrastructure Benefits of Investing in Family Planning Reduce the strain on housing requirements Greater likelihood of meeting water and sanitation needs of the Abuja FCT population, thereby improving health and well-being Slower growth of numbers of new entrants into the working age population so that adequate strategies for job creation can be implemented, reducing the number unemployed Likely lower the number of people living in temporary housing or slum areas

47. What Can We Do? Photo by Neajjean

48. Couples in Abuja FCT want to space or limit their children, they want family planning Photos by Bonnie NURHI

49. Policy Response Improving access and utilization of high quality family planning services will: Enable couples to space or limit their children……. Result in improved health of the population and a reduction in maternal and infant deaths……. Thereby contribute towards Abuja FCT becoming the pace setter in Nigeria’s development.

50. 50 Invest more in family planning and make it a budgeting priority:  Sustain the family planning budget line and guarantee the timely release of the budget.  Ensure the removal of operational bottlenecks to quality FP programmes  Invest in activities that support high quality family planning services Support family planning by speaking out and encouraging others to do the same  Link family planning benefits to other development issues and programmes What Steps Can We Take Right Now?

51. 51 Link the benefits of family planning to educational programming  Ensure the teaching of the family life and HIV/AIDS curriculum in all schools Invest in girl child education  This delays early pregnancy and childbirth and reduces risky births What Steps Can We Take Right Now?

52. 52  Lend your voice towards supporting family planning  Talk about how family planning contributes towards the ability to provide essential services for the population and meet existing strategic commitments What Steps Can We Take Right Now?