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2. Body Organization and Structure
Chapter 22
Body Organization and Structure
Section 1: Body Organization
Section 2: The Skeletal System
Section 3: The Muscular System
Section 4: The Integumentary System
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3. Body Organization Bellringer Section 1
Match the body system in the first column with the correct function in the second column:
1. respiratory system a. regulates body functions
2. muscular system b. breaks down food
3. digestive system c. pumps blood
4. circulatory system d. absorbs oxygen
5. endocrine system e. moves bones
Record your answers in your science journal.
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4. Body Organization Objectives Section 1
Describe how tissues, organs, and organ systems are related.
List 12 organ systems.
Identify how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
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5. Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Section 1
Body Organization
Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Tissues Form Organs Two or more tissues working together form an organ.
Organs Form Systems Organs that work together make up an organ system.
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6. Body Organization Working Together Section 1
Twelve Major Organ Systems Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Your body has 12 major organ systems.
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7. The Skeletal System Bellringer Section 2
Brainstorm some problems you would have if you lacked bones. Do you know any kinds of animals that don’t have bones? Do you know of any animals that wear their “skeletons” on the outside of their bodies? Can you think of a human invention that is similar to an external skeleton?
Record your answer in your science journal.
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8. The Skeletal System Objectives Section 2
Identify the major organs of the skeletal system.
Describe four functions of bones.
Describe three types of joints.
List three injuries and two diseases that affect bones and joints.
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9. The Skeletal System Bones Section 2
Bone Structure The skeleton, shown on the next slide, is composed of many bones. If the bone tissue does not have any visible open spaces, it is called compact bone. Bone tissue that has many open spaces is called spongy bone. Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow.
Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible tissue called cartilage. As you grew, most of the cartilage was replaced by bone.
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10. The Human Skeleton Section 2
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11. Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases
Section 2
The Skeletal System
Joints
Meeting of Bones A place where two or more bones meet is called a joint.
Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases
Fractures and Other Problems Bones may be fractured, or broken. Joints can also be injured. There are also diseases of the skeletal system. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become less dense.
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12. The Muscular System Bellringer Section 3
List five body parts that you use when you drink a glass of water. Do you use any of those same body parts when you eat an apple? Do you use any of those same body parts when you pick up a heavy box?
Record your response in your science journal.
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13. The Muscular System Objectives Section 3
List three kinds of muscle tissue.
Describe how skeletal muscles move bones.
Compare aerobic exercise with resistance exercise.
Describe two muscular system injuries.
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14. The Muscular System Kinds of Muscles Section 3
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal Smooth muscle is found in the digestive tract and in the walls of blood vessels. Cardiac muscle is found only in your heart. Skeletal muscle is attached to your bones for movement.
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15. The Muscular System Movement Section 3
Muscles Attach to Bones Strands of tough connective tissue connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. These strands are called tendons.
Muscles Work in Pairs Your skeletal muscles often work in pairs. The next slide shows how the biceps muscle of the arm is a flexor. The triceps muscle of the arm is an extensor.
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16. A Pair of Muscles in an Arm
Section 3
A Pair of Muscles in an Arm
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17. The Muscular System Use It or Lose It Section 3
Resistance Exercise Resistance exercise is a great way to strengthen skeletal muscles. During resistance exercise, people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object.
Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic exercise. Jogging, cycling, skating, swimming, and walking are aerobic exercises.
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18. The Muscular System Muscle Injury Section 3
Muscles Attach to Bones A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. People who exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflamed tendons is called tendonitis. Some people try to make their muscles stronger by taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic steroids. They can cause long-term health problems.
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19. The Integumentary System
Section 4
The Integumentary System
Bellringer
List at least three situations in which dogs pant. How do humans respond to those same situations? Why do you think dogs pant? Do you know of any other animals that pant?
Write your responses in your science journal.
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20. The Integumentary System
Section 4
The Integumentary System
Objectives
List four functions of skin.
Describe the two layers of skin.
Describe the structure and function of hair and nails.
Describe two kinds of damage that can affect skin.
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21. The Integumentary System
Section 4
The Integumentary System
Functions of Skin
Staying Safe Skin protects you by keeping water in your body and foreign particles out of your body.
Keeping in Touch Nerve endings in your skin let you feel things around you.
Keeping Your Cool Skin helps regulate your body temperature.
Throwing Out the Garbage Skin helps get rid of wastes.
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22. The Integumentary System
Section 4
The Integumentary System
Layers of Skin
Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. You see the epidermis when you look at your skin.
Dermis The thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis is the dermis. You can see the other parts of your skin in the next slide.
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23. Structures of the Skin Section 4
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24. The Integumentary System
Section 4
The Integumentary System
Hair and Nails
Dead Cells A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. The hair grows as new cells are added at the hair follicle. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail.
Skin Injuries
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Skin Deep Skin is often damaged. Fortunately, your skin can repair itself. However, damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer.
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25. Body Organization and Structure
Chapter 22
Body Organization and Structure
Concept Map
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: connective, nervous, homeostasis, organs, epithelial, tissues, organ systems, cells.
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26. Chapter 22
Concept Map
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27. Chapter 22
Concept Map
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