1. Modelling forest ground vegetation on landscape scale Larisa Khanina 1, Maxim Bobrovsky 2, Alexander Komarov 2, Alex Mikhajlov 2 1 Institute of Mathematical Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia 2 Institute of Soil Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia DynamicDATA EU25+ Regional Workshop I

2. Ecosystem production Soil features Trees renewal Ground Vegetation EFIMOD

3. At the first step · an approach · an algorithm · a special software to calculate dynamics of ground vegetation diversity at a level of forest stand on a base of · Forest Inventory Data · forest simulated results

4. Our approach plant species functional groups in ground vegetation modelling ecological-coenotic species groups Ellenberg’s ecological indicator species values Species ordination scores (by ordination of phytosociological relevés) Multivariate analysis introduced in Nitsenko (1969)

5. Results of multivariate analysis ca. 1000 forest vascular species were split into the functional groups Boreal Vaccinium myrtillus, Maianthemum bifolium, Pyrola rotundifolia, Linnaea borealis Nemoral Asarum europaeum, Aegopodium podagraria, Galeobdolon luteum, Milium effusum Piny Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pteridium aquilinum, Antennaria dioica, Calluna vulgaris Nitrophilous Aconitum septentrionale, Stellaria nemorum, Urtica dioica Meadow Fragaria vesca, Alchemilla sp., Dactylis glomerata Water/Olg Caltha palustris, Typha angustifolia, Carex globularis

6. To use the groups for modelling dynamics of ground vegetation · to define the dominant group at the initial step of simulation · to define rules of the group switching according to dynamics of the simulated parameters tree species composition, light supply, deadwood volume, litter, soil fertility and moisture

7. Definition of dominant species groups at the initial step Dominant group(s) in ground vegetation Forest Inventory Data Dominant species in ground vegetation Database on ecological-coenotic groups of plant species

8. Definition of dominant species groups at the initial step Forest Inventory Data Forest Site Index - soil fertility and moisture Dominant tree species Regional probability tables of correspondence Tree Dominant – Forest Site Index - Dominant group in ground vegetation

9. Forest type biodiversity assessment Forest Type = Tree dominant + Dominant group in ground vegetation Vegetation Sample Plots Data Forest type biodiversity indices Average number of plant species per square unit Functional structure of ground vegetation

10. Modeling of forest ground vegetation Vege- tation (forest) type Dominant tree species in overstory Dominant ecologo-coenotic group in ground vegetation Stand characteristics from Forest Inventory Data Vege- tation (forest) type Dominant tree species in overstory Dominant ecologo-coenotic group in ground vegetation EFIMODsimulations Tree species composition Soil organic matter and nitrogen Deadwood time 1 time n

11. BioCalc - a software for dynamic analysis of forest ground vegetation diversity

12. BioCalc input data · tables of probabilistic distribution of the groups in ground vegetation according to the tree dominant and the forest site index · a correspondence table between a forest type and species diversity rank · a time series table of forest stand ecosystem parameters (EFIMOD runs)

13. Rules of functional groups switching User of the BioCalc software selects from the time series tables – in an interactive mode – thresholds for a number of ecosystem parameters. Reaching these thresholds causes a change of the dominant ecological-coenotic group. The user can observe all values of any ecosystem parameter displayed graphically

14. Rules of functional groups switching If the values are digital, a graphic is built where the values go in ascending order, which allows for easy detection of the thresholds

15. BioCalck outputs Dynamics of · ground vegetation functional groups, · forest types, and · species diversity ranks A link with Common-GIS (Andrienko, Andrienko, 1999) for visual exploration of ground vegetation dynamics at the landscape level

16. A case study experimental forestry “Russkii Les” 273-hectare forest lot with 104 stands Four strategies of silvicultural regimes for 200 years time span: ·natural development ·legal clear cutting ·selective cutting ·illegal clear cutting

17. (i) meadow group switched to boreal group when spruce began to dominate in overstorey (ii) any group switched to nemoral when oak began to dominate in overstorey (iii) piny group switched to boreal group when deadwood overpassed the 1st threshold value (iv) any group switched to nitrophilous group when deadwood overpassed the second threshold value, and (v) nitrophilous group switched to nemoral group when deadwood fell below the 2nd threshold value Case study rules of functional group switching

18. In the scenarios with clear cuttings: after the clear cutting, a dominant group was taken from a specially designed probabilistic table of the group distribution in ground vegetation designed for the after- clear-cutting conditions Case study rules of functional group switching

19. Tree dominant dynamics Selective cuttingsNatural development Illegal clear cuttingsLegal clear cuttings

20. Tree dominant dynamics The beginning Legal clear cutting Natural development Legal selective cutting Illegal clear cutting 200-year dynamics

21. Deadwood dynamics

22. Functional group dynamics Natural development Legal clear cuttingIllegal clear cutting Legal selective cuttings

23. Functional group dynamics The beginning Legal clear cutting Natural development Legal selective cutting Illegal clear cutting 200-year dynamics

24. Species diversity dynamics

25. The beginning Legal clear cutting Natural development Legal selective cutting Illegal clear cutting 200-year dynamics

26. Tree dominant dynamics – regional level 1 Pine, 2 Spruce, 3 Birch, 4 Aspen I initial state, II legal clear-cutting, III natural development 50-year dynamics

27. Functional group dynamics– regional level I initial state, II legal clear-cutting, III natural development 50-year dynamics

28. Species diversity dynamics – regional level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 – ranks of species diversity I initial state, II legal clear-cutting, III natural development 50-year dynamics

29. used tree composition deadwood in progress humus amount nitrogen amount in planlight soil moisture EFIMOD parameters for ground vegetation dynamics

30. Thank you for your attention!