1. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Marianne Darbi, IÖR Dresden METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale

2. IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Presentation Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development, Dresden, Germany Research department Development and Management of Landscapes Field of research: Landscape, Environmental and Spatial Planning Themes: Biodiversity, Landscape, Impact Mitigation, Planning Instruments, EIA/SEA

3. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Outline 1.Background 2.Biodiversity compensation 3.Research on Biodiversity compensation at IÖR 4.Study on compensation approaches at global scale: Goal and methodical Steps 5.Output of the study and obstacles encountered

4. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Background blabla Global Biodiversity Outlook 2006: Increasing pressure on species and their habitats and biological diversity in general Biodiversity loss Use value of biodiversity for mankind: Economy and society rely on nature and landscape Mankind is dependent on the products and services of biological diversity Besides conservation and sustainable use compensation and restoration are of central importance to stop the decline of biological diversity.

5. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Biodiversity Offsets “Biodiversity Offsets are conservation activities intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development projects” ten Kate et al. 2004 “Biodiversity offsets seek to ensure that unavoidable adverse environmental impacts of development are counterbalanced by environmental gains” Escorcio Bezerra 2006 Biodiversity compensation Biodiversity „variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems“ Art. 2 CBD AVOIDANCE MINIMISATION COMPEN- SATION PAYMENT

6. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Research on Biodiversity Compensation Project BIOKOM International Approaches to Compensation for Impacts on Biological Diversity December 2007 – September 2008 Project BIOKOM MONEY Compensation Pools and Agencies in Germany October 2008 – May 2009 Project BIOBANK Pool- und Banking Models to compensate for Impacts on Biological Diversity August – December 2009 BBOP Platform: Business and Biodiversity Offset Program Member of BBOP Science Work Group Since June 2009 Dissertation VOLUNTARY BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS

7. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Step2: Main Research Study on compensation approaches at global scale: Goal and methodical steps Goal Identify and compare international compensation approaches for impacts on biological diversity in the world  Recent state and conclusions that can be drawn for German and International Impact Mitigation and Compensation Step1: Exploring Research Internetbased worldwide research Step3: Case Studies Analysis of documents and websites, Contact to experts Contact to Experts Methodical Steps

8. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Step 1: Exploring internet research Biological Diversity and the CBD, The German IMR Eingriffsregelung as defined in the German Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG), Appropriate assessment according to the European Habitats Directive and Environmental Impact Assessment and the EIA Directive. Development of an analytical framework, containing terms and phrases Extraction of key terms and generation of search inquiries, which were then entered into Google Information gathered in a database Four thematic areas related to compensation for impacts on natural systems and processes:

9. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Seven search inquiries

10. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Step 1: Exploring internet research Biological Diversity and the CBD, The German IMR Eingriffsregelung as defined in the German Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG), Appropriate assessment according to the European Habitats Directive and Environmental Impact Assessment and the EIA Directive. Development of an analytical framework, containing terms and phrases Extraction of key terms and generation of search inquiries, which were then entered into Google Quantitative and Qualitative research Information gathered in a database Four thematic areas related to compensation for impacts on natural systems and processes:

11. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Database

12. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Results of the Exploring research and Steps 2 and 3: Main research and Case studies 8/19 downloaded documents and web pages were explored in detail and the extracted information was analysed Identification of projects and stakeholders (experts, practitioners, members of the administration etc.) were identified in each of the countries analysis of actual projects Telephone expert interviews and email exchanges with experts

13. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Compensation Approaches in Selected Countries Argentina: EIA, Environmental Compensation Fund Brazil:Forest offsets, Project offsets and Conservation Units, Proambiente Program China: Eco-compensation (in discussion), pilot projects (road planning, land consolidation, hydropower)‏ Egypt:EIA/ESIA, sectoral guidelines for major projects Madagascar: sectoral EIA guidelines for major projects, MEC for existing companies, FOREAIM Project: Restoration in degraded forest landscape in Eastern Africa, Eco-Certification Mexico:EIA, Program for Environmental Justice South Korea:Substitute Habitats for Dams, Wetland Mitigation Banking (in discussion), Pilot Projects on Impact Mitigation Regulation

14. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Output of the study Several hundred documents were identified, assembled in a database and analysed. Experts in different countries made contributions. Preliminary results and findings for this study were presented to the public during COP9 in May 2008 in Bonn. Further presentations will be made in order to discuss the results in professional circles, e.g. the BBOP network. As main findings an overview on compensation practices in selected countries on the background of the specific legal and institutional framework was elaborated and assumptions for further research were formulated.

15. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Obstacles encountered The chosen medium for the research, the internet, may only present a fragmentary spotlight on the situation in the examined countries. The information overload of the internet made it difficult to extract only relevant information. Information on the internet changes at fast rate. Language restrictions were reduced to a minimum. Different terminology is used for impact mitigation approaches in different countries. The identification of and contact with experts was challenging and time- consuming.

16. Exploring internet research and expert interviews – methods to identify approaches to compensation for impacts on biological diversity at global scale IÖR Dresden, Marianne Darbi, METIER Final Conference, 4-6 November 2009, Brussels Thank you for your attention!