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Training the trainer Training of clinical psychologists for pedagogic activity Dr. Gilles Michaux Training of clinical psychologists for pedagogic activity Dr. Gilles Michaux
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“Excellence is an art won by training and habituation.” Aristotle ( 384-322 BCE)
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Pedagogic (educational) vs. clinical psychology Prevention, training & counselling vs. psychotherapy Moderator training Applied developmental psychology
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(Prim.) prevention: incidence ↓ Secondary prevention: prevalence ↓ Tertiary prevention: morbus redux ↓ (prophylaxis) Three oz. of prevention are worth a lb. of cure
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Subject Environment Socialisation adapt. from Weidenmann & Krapp (1993)
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Learner Environment (culture) Educator Education adapt. from Weidenmann & Krapp (1993)
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Client Environment (social) Therapist Therapy
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Level of careExample (1) Behavioural health screeningRapid assessment for anxiety Psycho-education to address anemotional response to a newly diagnosed chronic medical condition (2) Specialty consultationBrief stress inoculation training to assist an individual with a sexual abuse history in undergoing a cervical exam (3) Integrated care programmesTreatment for panic disorder or post- traumatic stress disorder addressed via referral to specialty mental health services Strosahl (1998) Medical psychology
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Environment (s (s Client/ patient "Coaching" Therapist Prim./tertiary prevention, counselling & training Secondary prevention, inter-/supervision & moderator training
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Health behaviour education & promotion (based on an integrative approach) Brief psychotherapeutic methods (incl. relaxation) & pain control techniques (to reduce mental health carveout) Training goals
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Psychosocial interventions fostering compliance & treatment adherence Strategies for improving patient-provider communication (e.g. patient information) Interdisciplinary communication competency (!) Training goals (cont.)
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Assessment skills for screening inpatients (psychol. risk factors & contraindications) Control-enhancing interventions for coping with surgery or stressful medical procedures (i.e. patient preparation & self- management techniques) Training goals (cont.)
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Demo (a)
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Demo (b)
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Validated trainings Graduate psychology education (GPE) Doctoral gero-psychology training (based on APA guidelines)
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Basic knowledge & skills in (a) general psychology (b) health psychology (e.g. biological, social, cultural, affective & cognitive factors affecting health & disease) (c) effective interdisciplinary functioning Training skills Newton et al. (2006)
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Specific knowledge & skills in (a) broad healthcare systems & administrative issues (e.g. understanding hospital practices & healthcare economics; primary care policies & procedures; ethical & legal issues) (b) assessment, intervention & consultation (e.g. assessment & treatment of problems commonly seen in primary care; allocation of time & ressources; practise management skills; collaborative assessment & treatment; behavioural health consultation) Training skills (cont.) Newton et al. (2006)
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Core objectives Training activities/time period (1) Didactic training (Level I: "exposure to ageing") - Standard graduate courses with added mental health/ageing content (full year) - Specialised courses: assessment & treatment of older adults (one semester); depression & personality disorders in older adults (full year); neuropsychology & neuropsychological assessment (full year) - Special symposia on mental health/ageing (two per year) (2) Consultation & treatment (Level 2: generalist) - Med-Psych consultation clinic (1/2 day per week, full year): diagnostics & consultation - Primary medicine clinic rotation (1/2 day per week, full year): consultation & liaison to primary care team - Brief psychotherapy (individual, couples & family) to primary care elderly/adults Zweig et al. (2006) Training programme (a)
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Core objectives Training activities/time period (3) (Neuro-)psychological assessment (L 2) - Cognitive ageing rotation (1/2 day per week, full year) - Diagnostic interviewing & psychological assessment - Neuropsychological assessment - Neuropsychology seminar & group supervision (4) Outpatient evaluation & treatment (L 2) - Outpatient geriatric psychology rotation (1/2 day per week, full year) - Diagnostic interviewing & psychological assessment - Psychotherapy (individual, couples & family) - Geriatric psychology seminar & group supervision Zweig et al. (2006) Training programme (b)
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Cancer prevention Holick, Smith, Giovannucci & Michaud (2010) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev;191:39-47. Holick, Smith, Giovannucci & Michaud (2010) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev;191:39-47.
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