1. Ms. Soles Social Studies Lesson 23 South America: ECUADOR

2. Let’s learn about Ecuador's: 1)Physical Characteristics 2)History 3)Government 4)Economy 5)People and Culture

3. Where in the world is Ecuador?

4. Ecuador’s Flag

5. Quito: Capital City

6. Facts about Ecuador Name: Ecuador (long form) Republic of Ecuador Capital City: Quito (1,397,698 pop.) (1,842,201 metro) Ecuador Population: 14,228,000 ( 2010 est. ) World Populations (all countries) World Populations Currency: United States Dollar (USD) Currency:

7. Ethnicity: Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3% GDP total: $114.7 billion ( 2010 est ) GDP per capita: $7,800 ( 2010 est ) Language: Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

8. Largest Cities: ( by population ) Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Santa Domingo de los Colorados, Machala, Manta, Portoviejo, Duran, Ambato, Riobamba Name: Ecuador takes its name from the Equator, which runs through the country. National Day: August 10 Religion: Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%

11. Ecuador is divided into four regions: the coastal lowlands and mountains areas; the central Andes Mountains and its two major chains ( Cordillera Occidental in the west ) and the ( Cordillera Oriental in the east ); the lower mountains that fade into rolling hills and lowlands of the east, and the territory of the Galapagos Islands - officially called the Archipiélago de Colón - located about 1,000 km to the west. Galapagos Islands

12. The lower mountains that fade into rolling hills and lowlands of the east, and the territory of the Galapagos Islands - officially called the Archipiélago de Colón - located about 1,000 km to the west. Galapagos Islands

13. The Galapagos islands

14. Let’s explore the amazing Galapagos Islands of Ecuador! http://www.watchknowlearn.org/Vi deo.aspx?VideoID=975&CategoryI D=2390

15. The Andes includes over 20 peaks at least 13,779 ft. (4,200 m) in height with most located in the Cordillera Occidental. In addition, there are over 30 peaks that are volcanic in nature, including many active ones.

16. Typical Landscape of the Highland Region

17. Most rivers in Ecuador rise in the upper elevations of the Andes, flowing east toward the Amazon River, or west into the Pacific Ocean. The most significant include the Babahoyo, Chira, Coca, Curaray, Daule, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Napo, Paztaza, and the Putumayo, on its northeastern border with Colombia.Amazon River

18. Pastaza River

19. Historical Events Timeline 1500’s – 1800’s (1532) Pizarro expedition discovered Ecuador (1535) Galapagos Islands discovered by Bishop Tomas de Berlanga (1810) King of Spain overthrown by Napoleon (1820) Coastal Ecuador declared independence from Spain

20. (1822) Battle of Pichincha ended Spanish rule; Ecuador became part of independent Gran Columbia. (1830) Ecuador left Gran Columbia, became fully independent.

21. 1900’s (1941) Peru and Ecuador went to war over border conflict. (1945) Peru, Paraguay, Chile, Ecuador joined United Nations. (1948) Growth of banana trade brought prosperity (1952) US signed military aid pact.

22. (1959) Ecuador turned 97% of the Galapagos Islands into national park. (1963) Ecuador under military rule (1970) Oil exporting became major economic factor. (1979) New constitution restored democracy.

23. (1995) War with Peru over 1941 border dispute (1998) Special law passed to protect Galapagos Islands; peace treaty signed with Peru ended 50- year dispute over Amazon region (1999) Ecuador economy in financial crisis; US dollar became official currency.

24. 2000’s (2001) Luis Maldonado, sworn in as minister social welfare, first Indian to hold cabinet post (2002) Indigenous people protested oil production; Lucio Gutierrez elected president (2003) Anti-drug agents seized three tons of cocaine.

25. (2004) Columbia, Ecuador, Peru opened negotiations for free trade accord with US. (2005) New Supreme Court sworn in (2006) Nationwide protest over proposed free trade agreement with US; Rafael Correa won presidential election

26. (2007) President Correa decided not to re-new 1993 bilateral investment treaty with US. (2008) Ecuador renewed low- level diplomatic relations with Columbia. (2009) President Correa won second term; government refused to extend US military’s use of air base for drug surveillance flights.

27. Current Government Ecuador is governed by a democratically elected President, for a four year term. The current president of Ecuador, Rafael Correa, exercises his power from the presidential Palacio de Carondelet in Quito.Rafael CorreaPalacio de Carondelet

28. Ecuador’s Economy Ecuador's economy has heavily depended on exporting resources such as petroleum, fish, shrimp, timber and gold. In addition, it has rich agriculture: bananas, flowers, coffee, cacao, guayusa, sugar, tropical fruits, palm oil, palm hearts, rice, roses, and corn.petroleumfishshrimp timbergoldbananasflowers coffeecacaoguayusasugar tropical fruitspalm oilpalm heartsricerosescorn

29. Ecuador’s greatest national export is crude oil. Refineries in Esmeraldas

30. Ecuador’s People and Culture The largest ethnic group (as of 2007) is the Mestizos, who are the descendants of Spanish colonists and the indigenous people which constitute the 65% of the population based on a self- determined census. Mestizos

31. Children in Rural Ecuador

32. AmerindiansAmerindians account for 25% of the current population. The unmixed descendants of early Spanish colonists, independently of their ethnic Iberian or Mediterranean origin called "Criollos", as well as immigrants from other European countries account for about 7% of the population.

33. Afro-EcuadoriansAfro-Ecuadorians, including Mulattos and zambos, are also a minority, are largely based in Esmeraldas and Imbabura provinces, and make up 9% of the population. Mulattos zambos

34. Approximate ly 75% of Ecuadorians are Roman Catholic, and 25% are Protestants. Protestants Basílica del Voto NacionalBasílica del Voto Nacional in old downtown Quito

35. Common Foods In the highland region, pork, chicken, beef, and cuy (guinea pig) are popular and are served with a variety of grains (especially rice and corn) or potatoes.guinea pigrice cornpotatoes

36. In the coastal region seafood is very popular, with shrimp and lobster being key parts of the diet. Plantain- and peanut-based dishes are the basis of most coastal meals. Churrasco is a staple food of the Coast Region specially Guayaquil.shrimp lobster PlantainpeanutChurrascoGuayaquil

37. In the Amazon region, a dietary staple is the yuca, elsewhere called cassava. Many fruits are available in this region, including bananas, tree grapes, and peach palms. This region is a lead producer of bananas, cacao beans (to make chocolate), shrimp, tilapia, mangos, passion fruit, among other products.cassava

38. Music is very important in Ecuador, with differences between Coast and Highlands. Generally, pan pipes, flutes of bamboo, violins, drums and charangos all played often, but with different purposes.pan pipesflutes bambooviolinsdrums charangos

39. – For instance, in the Sierra popular tunes played at fiestas include "El Condor Pasa". In the Costa, the instruments are played mostly for cumbia, salsa, and pasillos.fiestasCondorcumbiasalsapasillos

40. The Bahía culture (500 BCE–500 CE) was a pre-Columbian culture in Ecuadorpre-ColumbianEcuador

41. It’s time to say “Good-bye” to Ecuador! We saw and learned many new things! Now, guess which South American country is next! Actually, the next lesson will include TWO countries. HINT: They are neighbors and together, they are not as big as Venezuela!

42. Resources http://www.wikipedia.com http://www.watchknowlearn.org http://www.worldatlas.com