1. Pre 1830’s: A Necessary Evil

2. Jamestown: 1619: 20 Captive Africans sold into “servant hood” 1641 – Massachusetts first to legalize Slavery 1643 – The New England Confederation of Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Haven adopts a fugitive slave law. 1652 – Rhode Island passes laws restricting slavery and forbidding enslavement for more than 10 years. 1652 – Massachusetts requires all black and Indian servants to receive military training. 1660 - Charles II, King of England, orders the Council of Foreign Plantations to devise strategies for converting slaves and servants to Christianity.

4. Southerners were mainly for slavery and many southerners believed that slavery was an evil, but it was necessary. Before 1800’s mostly house servants and field hands. Founding Fathers objected to slavery in “principle” but not in practice. After early1800’s Cotton became king thanks to Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin.

5. With the gin raw cotton could be quickly cleaned Cotton becomes profitable crop This transformed the southern economy and changed the dynamics of slavery. The first federal census of 1790 counted 697,897 slaves; By 1810, there were 1.2 million slaves, a 70 percent increase.

6. Early English Abolitionist Movements The Anglicans John Newton/Thomas Clarkson/William Wilberforce 1787 – Formed Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade “Amazing Grace” movie clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cbpg3qtN0xw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cbpg3qtN0xw 1806 The British Close Slave Trade in England 1833 Slavery Abolition Act 1833

7. The Quakers Asserted the love of God for every human being regardless of color, sex, or station in life. Early Anti-Slavery Leaders John Woolman & Benjamin Lay Mostly unsuccessful in their efforts but continued to fight. The Methodist Began as Anti-Slavery agents under John Wesley. Pressure in the south, attitude changes… Slavery seen as a blessing. In reality, only about 25% of people in the south owned slaves at this time.

8. 1824 – Elizabeth Coltman Heyrick Called for “Immediate, not gradual abolition.” Contributed to the World Abolitionist Movement Emancipation Act of 1833 1830’s – The Liberator Newspaper Written by William Lloyd Garrison and funded by Lewis Tappan Mostly read by black freeman in the north Called for: Immediate emancipation with out compensation to owners Full rights of American Citizenship to those enslaved. Should not have to leave the country for freedom.

9. The Rise of African American Churches Revivalism also spread to the African American community The Second Great Awakening has been called the "central and defining event in the development of Afro- Christianity“ During these revivals Baptists and Methodists converted large numbers of blacks

10. The Rise of African American Churches This led to the formation of all- black Methodist and Baptist churches, primarily in the North African Methodist Episcopal (A. M. E.) had over 17,000 members by 1846