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Published byShana McLaughlin Modified over 9 years ago
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1. Anglo America Language: English Religion: Protestant (Christian)
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2. Latin America Language: Spanish Religion: Catholicism
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3. Western Europe Language: Indo-European – Germanic: German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian – Romance: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian Religion: – Germanic: Protestant – Romance: Catholic
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4. Eastern Europe Language: Slavic Religion: Orthodox Christianity
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5. East Asia Language family: Sino-Tibetan Religion: Ethnic Religions (Confucianism/Taoism); Buddhism
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6. SE Asia Language: SE Asian Family – Sino-Tibetan, Austronesian, Austro-Asiatic Religion: Buddhism/Islam
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7. South Asia Language: Indic Religion: Hindu/Islam
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8. Middle East Language: Arabic Religion: Islam
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9. Sub-Saharan Africa Language: Niger-Congo Religion: Animism/Christianity
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10. South Pacific/Oceania Language: English Religion: Protestant
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What is Culture? Is it biological? Or is it learned? Customary beliefs (Mentifacts) Social Forms (Mentifacts) Material Traits (Material culture/Artifacts) Material Culture/Artifacts Buildings Tools Clothing Art/Music Food Mentifacts Language Religion Ethnicity Values Beliefs
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Thoughts on Culture Environmental Determinism: Shaped by the environment – Similar environments = similar cultures Possibilism: people can adjust to environment – Creates many possibilities for culture Cultural/Environmental Perception: culture shaped by perception of environment – Shaped by the teachings of culture Cultural Determinism: Culture > Environment – Humans determine the scope of the environment
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Differences between Folk & Popular Culture Folk Small groups Isolated Homogenous Rural areas Hearth: usually unknown Diffusion: slow Popular Large groups Connected (share common habits...) Heterogeneous (...despite differences in personal characteristics) Urban areas Hearth: MDCs Diffusion: rapid
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IdeogramsPhonetics Characters represent ideas Characters represent sounds – Alphabet Ours comes from the Roman alphabet, which derives from the Greek alphabet Written Language
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Language Classification 1.Language Families 2.Language Branches 3.Language Groups 4.Languages 5.Dialects 6.Accents
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Language Families Languages that are related through a common ancestor before recorded history Indo-European language family
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Language Branches The groups of languages that share a common ancestor (language family) Indo-European Family – 8 Branches
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Language Groups Collection of languages from a common origin in the relatively recent past Germanic Language Branch – Northern Germanic – Western Germanic
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Language, Dialect, Accent Language is understood among a certain group of people Dialect: regional – Vocabulary – Spelling – Pronunciation Accent: sub regional/local
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Indo-European Indo-European language family theorized to originate with “Proto-Indo-European” or “Nostratic” superfamilies – Only a theory – Nostratic theory: combines with Afro-Asiatic (Arabic), Dravidian, Uralic, Altaic Diffusion 1.Nomadic Warrior (Kurgan) Theory: Nomadic herders, originated in Russia/Kazakhstan, conquered much of Europe 2.Sedentary Farmer (Renfrew) Hypothesis: Originated in Turkey, spread with agricultural technology
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GermanicRomance Western Germanic – English – German – Dutch Northern Germanic – Danish – Icelandic – Norwegian – Swedish Portuguese Spanish French Italian Western European Branches
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Balto-SlavicIndo-Iranian Eastern Slavic – Russian – Ukrainian Western/Southern Slavic – Polish – Czech – Slovak Indic – Hindi (official language of India) 438 languages in India Iranian Other Branches
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East Asian Languages China – Family: Sino-Tibetan – Branch: Sinitic – Languages: Mandarin (3/4) Cantonese (Yue) Japan – Family: Japanese
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AustronesianAustro-Asiatic Indonesia – Javanese (2/3) – Tagalog Vietnam – Uses the Roman alphabet “SE Asian” Language Family
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Middle East Languages Arabic – Afro-Asiatic Family (Semitic branch) Farsi – Indo-European Family (Indo-Iranian branch) Hebrew – Afro-Asiatic Family (Semitic branch)
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African Languages 95% of Sub-Saharan Africa speak languages of the Niger-Congo language family Most African languages lack a literary tradition
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