1. CMSC 150 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING CS 150: Mon 9 Jan 2012

2. About Me  Dr. Lewis Barnett  Office: 212A Jepson Hall  Office Hours: Most anytime, but especially MT 2:30 - 3:30 pm; WR 10:30 - 11:30 am;  lbarnett@richmond.edu  http://www.mathcs.richmond.edu/~lbarnett/

3. First: Meet Doug

4. He Decides Network Connections

5. Connections Doug Can Choose

6. Hours to Install Each Connection 5 4 9 2 5 3 6 2 4 2 3 4 3 2 1 1

7. What Doug Wants…  A set of connections so that:  a connection to each place (no place left out)  no loops  sum of all installation times is minimum 4 2 3 4 2 three loops here 4 2 3 2 one loop here 2 3 2 no loops here

8. Start With A Smaller Example 5 1 3 2 2  Which connections should you include? 5 4

9. Start With A Smaller Example 5 1 3 2 2  Which connections should you include?  Likely the shorter ones… 5 4

10. Start With A Smaller Example 5 1 3 2 2  Which connections should you include?  Likely the shorter ones  Less likely the longer ones… 5 4

11. Step by Step… 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

12. 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

13. 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

14. 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

15. 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 2 3 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

16. 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 2 3 loop! 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

17. Step by Step… 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 2 5 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

18. 5 1 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 2 5 − each place connected − no loops − sum of times is minimum 5 1 3 2 2 5 4

19. Minimal vs. Not 1 2 2 5 − each place connected − no loops − sum of times is minimum 2 5 5 4 − each place connected − no loops − sum of times is NOT minimum 3 4 5 1 2 3

20. You Try It… 5 4 9 2 5 3 6 2 4 2 3 4 3 2 1 1

21. Was This Your Result ? 5 4 9 2 5 3 6 2 4 2 3 4 3 2 1 1 − each place is connected − no loops − sum of times is minimum: 28 hours

22. Doug is a Happy Fellow! 5 4 2 5 3 2 2 3 1 1

23. Your Next Task  Break into pairs…  Write down the procedure you used:  think in general terms  how do you start?  how do you proceed from there?  when do you finish?

24. Your Algorithm  You have just written down your first algorithm  Kruskal’s algorithm for finding Minimum Spanning Tree Kruskal’s algorithm 1.Include path with min time (ties broken arbitrarily) 2.Include next shortest path if it does not introduce a loop 3.Repeat step 2 until each place has a path connected to it 1.Include path with min time (ties broken arbitrarily) 2.Include next shortest path if it does not introduce a loop 3.Repeat step 2 until each place has a path connected to it

25. Algorithms  Algorithm: Set of instructions for solving a problem  known starting condition  well-defined sequence of steps  terminates  Computation: applying an algorithm to an input to obtain an output (solution)  Key: different algorithms can solve same problem  Choose the “best” algorithm

26. Applications of MST  Network Design  computer, electrical, cable, road, …  e.g., want set of lines that connects all offices with minimum total cost  Real-time face verification  Particle interactions in fluid flows  Ethernet bridging to avoid cycles in network

27. About This Course  An introduction to the science of computing  You will learn:  how to think algorithmically  how to write your solutions in a program (in Java)  how to debug and test your solutions

28. Remember…  Computer science is not (just) programming  Computer scientists do much more than program  They develop algorithms to solve problems  using the computer (and programs)  incorporating a variety of disciplines  myriad applications and real-world benefits…

31. Google’s Autonomous Vehicle

32. But We Have To Start Simple… Java Program (Source) Java Program (Source) Compiler Java Program (Byte Code) Java Program (Byte Code) You write the source code in an IDE, e.g., BlueJ

33. But We Have To Start Simple… Java Program (Source) Java Program (Source) Compiler Java Program (Byte Code) Java Program (Byte Code) The compiler is a program that converts source to binary; Included in BlueJ

34. But We Have To Start Simple… Java Program (Source) Java Program (Source) Compiler Java Program (Byte Code) Java Program (Byte Code) Byte code version can be executed on computer

35. Let’s Write Our First Program !