1. CHAPTER 12 REPRO ANSc 4

2. Repro System  Responsible for:  Reproducing offspring  Composed of genitalia  Male  Female

3. Male Repro System  Function: produce and deliver sperm to female ovum  Basic Parts  Scrotum  Testes  Epididymis  Ductus Deferens  Accessory sex glands  Urethra  Penis

4. Male Parts  Scrotum: external pouch that houses and supports the testes  Most often OUTSIDE the body Sperm require the lower temp to form  Has muscular control Cremaster muscle  Importance in ANSC Temp sensitive animals like sheep will become sterile if too hot

5. Male Parts  Testes: produce spermatozoa  Orientation within scrotum varies between species  Divided into compartments that contain Seminiferous tubules: coiled tube shape Sperm are produced in these tubes Join together to a form cluster These ducts emerge and enter the Epididymis

6. Male Parts  Epididymis: upper part of testis that  secretes part of the semen  Stores semen  Provides passageway for sperm Sperm become motile while “waiting” in the epididymis Sperm Maturation : Sperm not fertile or motile without this process

7. Male Parts  Ductus Deferens: carries sperm from epididymis to the pelvic region toward the urethra  Encased in a spermatic cord Cord contains nerves, blood vessels and cremaster muscle fibers  Accessory Glands  Seminal vesicles: provide nourishment liquid to sperm  Prostate gland: secretes motility aide for sperm  Bulbourethral glands: give lubricant/protection to sperm

8. Male Parts  Urethra: passes through penis outside of body  Serves 2 purposes, urine and ejectulate  Penis: male sex organ  Covered by prepuce

9. Activity Break  Outline the process of sperm formation  Include location, and hormones involved and status of sperm (motile/fertile)  Drawing with outline Anatomy Labeled

10. Female System  Function: create and support new life  Parts:  Ovaries  Uterine Tubes  Uterus  Cervix  Vagina  Vulva  Mammary Glands

11. Female Parts  Ovaries: located in the caudal abdomen, female gonad  Produces estrogen, progesterone, eggs/ ova  Egg cell=oocyte  Uterine Tubes: / Oviducts/ Fallopian Tubes  Paired, extend from cranial portion of the uterus to the ovaries  Distal end= infundibulum- catches egg released from ovaries  Fertilization occurs in these tubes!

12. Female Parts  Uterus:  Thick walled, mucous membrane lined  Houses embryo while gestating  3 Main Parts Cornus Corpus Cervix  3 Types of Tissue Perimetrium Myometrium Endometirum

13. Female Parts  Cervix:  Caudal continuation of uterus  Composed of sphincters  Tightly shut (expect during estrus)  Mucus plug expelled before parturition  Vagina  Muscular tube lined with mucosa extending from cervix to outside the body

14. Female Parts  Vulva  External gentalia  Serves as urethral orifice in some species  Signs of pregnancy and estrous can be viewed here  Mammary Glands  Milk producing  Shape and placement and number vary by species  Most mammals have an even number and number of teats is in ratio to offspring

15. Estrous Cycle  Proestrous- period immediately before estrous development of the endometrium and ovarian follicles  Estrous-Estrus refers to the phase when the female is sexually receptive, Ovarian follicles maturing  Metestrous- Corpus luteum starts to form, small amounts of progesterone  Dietrous –CL produces progesterone.  Preg?- keep the lining and begin gestation  Not Preg?- uterine lining is shed, CL regresses

17. Common Diseases  Abortion: termination of pregnancy  Cryptorchidism: developmental defect in males, testes fail to descend: can result in termination  Mastitis: Inflammation of mammary glands: effects milk production and success of offspring  Uterine Prolapse: fatal if untreated, emergency procedure, uterus flips inside out of female during birth, can increase in occurrence, normally results in culling from herd.

18. Common Procedures:  C Section: normally emergency, fetus is removed through the abdomen (NOT naturally through the birth canal)  Hysterectomy: removal of all female organ (spay)  Neuter: removal of male sex organs (castration)  Surgical and chemical

19. Activities:  Outline ovulation/estrous cycle from ovary follicle to parturition.  Must include a diagram with labeled parts