1. S.G.O.M. 13° NATIONAL CONGRESS OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS OF THE TURKISH SOCIETY. ANTALYA,11-15 MAY 2015

2. POSTTERM PREGNANCIES: GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT. Mandruzzato G.P. Trieste,Italy

3. DEFINITION OF PREGNANCIES ACCORDING TO GESTATIONAL AGE. EARLY TERM: 37. 0/7-38. 6/7 FULL TERM : 39. 0/7-40. 6/7 LATE TERM : 41. 0/7-41. 6/7 POSTTERM: 42 0/7 AND BEYOND ACOG Committee Opinion N.579 Obstet.Gynecol. 2013 122,1139

4. PREVALENCE SWEDEN. 21 % AFTER 41 WEEKS 5.5 % AFTER 42 WEEKS Oberg AS and co. Am.J.Epidemiol. 2013,177,531 FROM NATIONAL BIRTH REGISTER.

5. PREVALENCE IN FRANCE. LATE TERM: 15-20 % POSTTERM: 1 %

6. PREVALENCE :US DATING A ND NO ROUTINE INDUCTION. LATE TERM: 17 % POSTTERM: 7 % 43 gw: 1.4 % Mandruzzato GP and co. Br.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1998,105,356

7. PREVALENCE OF POSTTERM. 1- 7 % THE HUGE DIFFERENCE IS DEPENDENT ON THE PRECISE US DATING AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANAGEMNT.

8. CURRENTLY IT IS ASSUMED THAT PROLONGATION OF THE PREGNANCY REPRESENTS A PROGRESSIVE INCREASE OF RISKS FOR THE FETUS, THE NEWBORN AND THE MOTHER. MATTER OF CONCERN! More for the doctor than for the mother!

9. LATETERM AND POSTTERM THE PROBLEMS. EXACT ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL AGE FETAL MONITORING INITIATION FETAL MONITORING FREQUENCY FETAL MONITORING METHODS MANAGEMENT LATE TERM MANAGEMNT POSTTERM

10. GUIDELINES. S.O.G.C. 2008 W.AP.M. 2010 C.N.G.O.F. 2013 A.C.O.G. 2014

11. RECOMMENDATIONS: US ASSESSEMENT OF GA WAPM: CRL IN THE 1° TRIMESTER (A) SOGC : US BETWEEN 11 AND 14 GW (I-A ) CNGOF: CRL BETWEEN 11.0 AND 13+6 (PROFESSIONAL CONSENSUS ) A.C.O.G. : ?

12. US GA ASSESSMENT WARNING! ACCURACY IS PLUS OR MINUS 4 DAYS!

13. FETAL MONITORING. INITIATION AND FREQUENCY. S.O.G.C. : 41 WEEKS W.A.P.M. : 41 COMPLETED WEEKS ( B ) C.N.G.O.F. : 41.0 WEEKS ( C ) A.C.O.G. : 41 0/7 (C ) TWICE OR THREE TIMES A WEEK. PROFESSIONAL CONSENSUS

14. FETAL MONITORING: METHODS. Count of fetal movements, CTG (NST, Contraction stress test,computer assisted), ULTR ASOUND (Malformations, Amniotic fluid, FetalBiometry, Doppler). FBP (simple or modified) TEHERE ARE NO RCT FOR ASSESSING THE VALIDITY OF ANY METHOD!

15. METHODS OF FETAL MONITORING. WARNING! NO ONE IS IN CONDITION TO PREDICT ACUTE EVENTS! CHRONIC FETAL HYPOXAEMIA CAN BE DETECTED AND ASSESSED.

16. SOGC: WOMEN SHOULD BE OFFERED INDUCTION AT 41+0 TO 42+0 (I-A ) WAPM: NONE CNOGF: IN ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC DISORDER INDUCTION CAN BE PROPOSED BETWEEN 41+0 AND 42+6 (B ). A.C.O.G.: INDUCTION BETWEEN 41.0/7 AND 42.0/7 CAN BE CONSIDERED (B). MANAGEMENT: LATE TERM 41.0-41+6/7 RECOMMENDATIONS.

17. INDUCTION OF LABOUR BEFORE 42+0 CANNOT BE CONSIDERED MANAGEMNT OF POSTTERM. AT ITS BE ST IT REPRESENTS A PREVENTION OF POSTTERM.

18. PREVENTION OF POSTTERM. PROPOSED METHODS SWEEPING OF THE MEMBRANES(38-41) ROUTINE INDUCTION OF LABOR AT 41 AND BEFORE 42.

19. COMPLICATIONS. FETAL: STILLBIRTH,MECONIUM AMNIOTIC FLUID,MACROSOMIA NEONATAL:M.A.S.,NICU,DEATH MATERNAL: CS, PPH,TRAUMATIC DELIVERY EPILEPSY?CP?

20. FETAL COMPLICATIONS. MECONIUM STAINED FLUID THE PREVALENCE OF MECONIUM PASSAGE IS PROPORTIONAL TO GESTATIONAL AGE FETAL GUT MATURATION!

21. STILLBIRTHS. The belief of the increased risk of fetal complications and especially stllbirths is supported by not recent epidemiological studies based on birth registers covering large secular periods where big differences in dating pregnancies, fetal assessment and monitoring and management took place. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II-B

23. FETAL/NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS. The cause of the increased risk has been attributed to “placental senescence” in postterm. (Vorherr 1977 !) Does it exist?

24. UNCOMPLICATED POSTTERM PREGNACIES. FETAL GROWTH UNAFFECTED UNTIL 43 GW UA DOPPLER INDICES: NO DIFFERENCE FHR PATTERNS: NO DIFFERENCE NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELLS IN CORD: NO DIFFERENCE

25. UNCOMPLICATED ? AFTER EXCLUSION OF MALFORMATIONS AND GROWTH RESTRICTION AND MATERNAL COMPLICATIONS THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE IN FETAL/NEONATAL OUTCOME BETWEEN TERM AND POSTTERM PREGNACIES.

26. ROUTINR INDUCTION AT 41 VS EXPECTANT MANAGEMENT. 8 RCT AFTER EXCLUSION O OF MALFORMATIONS AND SGA < 10° PERCENTILE NO DIFFERENCE IN PERINATAL MORTALITY, CESAREAN AND NEONATAL MORTALITY.

27. THE REPORTED P.M. RATE IN POSTTERM IS, IF ANY, EXTREMEELY LOW. Routine induction at 41 w. vs expectant A DEFINITIVE STUDY WOULD REQUIRE A RANDOMIZATION OF BETWEEN 16.000 AND 30.000 PREGNANCIES. ROBUST EVIDENCE THAT ROUTINE INDUCTION IS BENEFICIAL IS LACKING!

28. NNT TO AVOID 1 POSSIBLE PERINATAL DEATH 527 INDUCTION AT 41 WEEKS ARE NEEDED. 17 % OF PREGNANCIES REACHES 41.0- 41.6 75 % OF THEM DELIVER BEFORE 42.0

29. MANAGEMENT: POSTTERM 42.0 AND BEYOND SGOC : NOT CONSIDERED W.A.P.M. : AFTER 41 COMPLETED WEEKS ROUTINE INDUCTION OR EXPECTANT MANAGEMENT CAN BE OFFERED ( A ) CNOGF: IN ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC DISORDER INDUCTION CAN BE PROPOSED BETWEEN 41.0 AND 42+6 ( B ) A.C.O.G.: INDUCTION AFTER 42 0/7 WEEKS AND 42 6/7 IS RECOMMENDED (A ).

30. POSTTERM. EXPECTANT MANAGEMENT. 7 %-1.3 % REACH 43 W. 8 STUDIES. 3914 CASES P.M. 0.05%

31. SWEEPING OF THE MEMBRANES. TRANSCERVICAL FOLEY (WITH OR WITHOUT SALINE INFUSION) LAMINARIA TENTS. PHARMACOLOGICAL (PGE 2 OR PGE 1) CERVICAL RIPENING. INDUCTION. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CERVIX. CERVICAL RIPENING.

32. CONCLUSIONS 1. IN ORDER TO DIAGNOSE PRECISELY LATE TERM AND POSTTERM PREGNANCIES AN US ASSESSMENT OF GA IN EARLY PREGNANCY IS A FUNDAMENTAL CONDITION.

33. CONCLUSIONS 2. THE EVIDENCE THAT PROLONGATION OF THE PREGNANCY PER SE CARRIES AN INCREASED FETAL/NEONATAL RSK IS WEAK. LEVEL B

34. CONCLUSIONS 3. AT 41 WEEKS, IF NOT DONE BEFORE, FETAL COMPLICATIONS (MALFORMATIONS, IUGR) AND MATERNAL (CARBOHYDRATE INTOLERANCE) MUST BE EXCLUDED.

35. CONCLUSIONS 4. ROUTINE INDUCTION AT 41 GW (LATE-TERM) IS NOT SUPPORTED BY ROBUST EVIDENCE.

36. CONCLUSIONS 5. IF ROUTINE INDUCTION AT 41 IS PERFORMED: 17 % OF PREGNANCIES MUST BE INDUCED. 75 % OF PREGNANCIES REACHING 41 WEEKS WILL DELIVER BEFORE 42 W. WITHOUT INTERVENTION. NNT FOR AVOIDING 1 POSSIBLE ADVERSE PERINATAL OUTOME IS 527.

37. CONCLUSIONS 6. PROVIDED THE AVAILABILITY OF ADEQUATE ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF FETAL WELLBEING EXPECTANT MANAGEMENT CAN BE CONSIDERED ALSO AT 42 WEEKS (POSTTERM) 5-7 % OF ALL PREGNANCIES. ONLY 1 % IS UNDELIVERED AT 43 WEEKS (301 DAYS).

39. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!