1. Changes in….. Ovary in estrous cycle & Repo. System (Preg.) source: Diagnostic and therapeutic Techniques in Animal Reproduction by Zamjanis

5. MATURE FOLLICLE

6. General Changes  Asymmetry of horns  Fluctuation in horns  Position of uterus  Fetal membranes  Amniotic vesicle  The conceptus  Hypertrophy of uterine artery  Corpus Luteum

7. Asymmetry of horn  Due to increase in size of pregnant horn  At day 35: slight to negligible, before this difficult to assess

9. Fluctuation  Due to fetal fluids  Distension and thinning of uterine wall  Difficult in early pregnancy

10. Position of Uterus  Due to increase in weight of gravid horn  First, greater curvature is displaced laterally.  At day 75 (2.5 month): ventral descent starts  At day 130-140 (4.5 month): ventral descent completes.  After that uterus is at abdominal floor, expands horizontally and dorsally  At 7-7.5 month: Ascent starts.  Rectal palpation between 4-7 month (b/w descent and ascent) difficult

11. Fetal membranes  Also called as Fetal membrane slip test  Membrane recognized is ‘Chorioallantois’  Felt as distinct separate structure  Compression of pregnant horn & letting it slip between fingers.  Easy if compressed at widest portion and entire circumference is surrounded before contents slip  Performed at 30-33 rd day of pregnancy

12. Amnion  Amnion + amniotic fluid= amniotic vesicle  Bean shape, turgid (early pregnancy), attached by long stalk to CA, free floating  At day 28 th to 31: palpable  Escapes on palpation  Use thumb on one side of horn and all four fingers on other side of horn  Found on anterior edge of ICL  Turgidity lost at day 45 th -50

16. Cotyledon  Fetal cotyledon=maternal cruncles= Placentome  Circumscribed prominences  Larger near site of attachment, smaller in periphery  At 65 th -70 day: palpable.  Size increase as pregnancy increase

19. The Conceptus  Only when it reaches at certain age can be palpated  Ballottement test: rock the on the fetal fluids to set a movement and results in rebounce of the fetus

20. Hypertrophy of uterine artery  Increase blood requirement: hypertrophy of middle uterine artery.  At 75 th day to 80 th day: freemitus or buzz is felt.  Location: branch of internal iliac artery, passes laterally, posteriorly and ventrally along medial edge of illiac wing.  leaves pelvic wall and descend ventrally.  Form S shape curve and enter in broad ligament

21. Corpus Luteum  Fertilization,,,,,,, persistent corpus Luteum  Pregnancy CL is supposed to be embedded deeper in ovary.  Ipsilateral,,,,,,,,,,, Located on side of gravid horn’s ovary

23. Remember Four  All physical changes are present in all pregnancies  But some are associated with abnormal conditions  So these are not reliable, However, supportive  Then remember Four:  Fetal membrane slip test  Amniotic Vesicle Test +Ve signs of pregnancy  Cotyledons  Fetus