1. Anatomy study of structure and shape of body
body parts and body parts in relation to another
Gross Anatomy
Large easily observable structures
Ex. heart, bones, skin
Microscopic Anatomy
Small structures
Ex. cells and tissues

2. Physiology study of how the body works and functions Neurophysiology
how the nervous system works
Cardiac Physiology
How heart and blood vessels work

3. Anatomy & Physiology Structure determines function Examples:
Heart
muscular chamber = pumping blood
Lungs
thin walls = gas exchange

4. Levels of Organization
Chemicals  Atoms  Molecules  Cell  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organisms

6. Integumentary System Skin External covering of the body Functions
Waterproofs, cushions and protects
Temperature control

8. Skeletal System Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints Functions
Supports
Protects

10. Muscular System
Skeletal muscles
Functions
Locomotion
Support

12. Nervous System Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, and sensory receptors
Functions
Control systems of the body
Respond to stimuli

14. Endocrine System Produce hormones Functions
Slowly controls systems of the body
Long term changes in organ systems

16. Cardiovascular System
Heart and Blood Vessels
Functions
Transportation of cells and minerals
Blood to tissue

18. Lymphatic System Immune system Complements cardiovascular Function
Defense against infections

20. Respiratory System
Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Gas exchange in lungs
Function
Constant supply of O2
Removes CO2

22. Digestive System Tube from mouth to anus Function Process food
Absorb nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and H2O

24. Urinary System Excretory system Urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra
Function
Disposes of waste
Maintains water/salt and acid/base

25. Reproductive System Female Male Function Ovary, uterus, and vagina
Scrotum, testis, and penis
Function
Disposes of waste
Maintains water/salt and acid/base

26. Life Functions Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

27. Boundaries External vs. Internal External - skin Internal - cells
Protects from desiccation, bacteria, heat, sunlight, and chemicals
Internal - cells
Allows necessary substances in
Keeps damaging substances out

28. Movement External Internal Muscular and skeletal system
Blood, food, and urine through organs

29. Responsiveness
Senses changes in environment and reacts

30. Digestion Breaks down food for absorption
Delivered to cells through cardiovascular system

31. Metabolism All chemical reactions that happen in body cells Examples:
Complex into simple
Make larger structures from smaller
Produce ATP

32. Excretion Removes waste Digestive system Urinary system
Indigestible food
Urinary system
Metabolic waste through urine

33. Reproduction Production of offspring Cells Organism
Divide then used for body growth and repair
Organism
Sperm and eggs

34. Growth
Increase in cell #
Cell making > cell destroying

35. Survival Needs
Nutrients O2
H2O
Body temp
Atmospheric Pressure

36. Nutrients Chemicals used for energy and cell building
Carbohydrates - provides energy for body cells
Proteins - essential for building cell
Fats - essential for building cell, cushion body organs, reserve fuel
Vitamins and Minerals - needed for chemical reactions, O2 transport in blood

37. Oxygen (O2)
Needed for chemical reactions that release energy from food
20% of air

38. Water (H2O) 60-80% of body weight
Fluid base for secretions and excretions
Ingested from foods and liquids
Lost by evaporation

39. Body Temperature Maintained by activity of skeletal muscles
98˚F or 37˚C
Decreases
Metabolic reactions decrease
Increases
Proteins break down

40. Atmospheric Pressure Force exerted on body by weight of air
Exchange of O2 and CO2 (breathing) depends on atm. pressure