1. Modernism  A response to social breakdown after WWI  Rejection of traditional social/aesthetic values  Authoritative narrator -> one character’s “limited” point of view => Modernist literature will suggest rather than assert (using symbols & images instead of statements). => Truth does not exist objectively, but is the product of a personal interaction with reality.

2. Victorian Novel vs Modernist Novel  Objective truth/reality  A world of certainty  Authoritative/Omniscient narrator  ex) Great Expectations ( 작가인 Dickens 가 주인공 Pip 을 비롯한 모든 등장인 물의 mouthpiece 역할 )  Subjective impression/ interpretation  A world of uncertainty  Naïve/marginal character- narrator (with a limited perspective)  ex) The Great Gatsby (Nick Carraway 라는 관찰자 를 통해 주인공 Gatsby 에 대한 추리 )

3. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)  A life much like the Jazz Age  American Dream: the idea that one might hope to satisfy every material desire and thereby achieve happiness.  Illusion & Disillusion of American Dream  The Great Gatsby (1925) => a story of a self-made young man’s dream, success, corruption, and disillusion => Nick Carraway: an onlooker-narrator => images of modern American life (automobiles, parties, garbage heaps, and advertisements)

4. Praises on The Great Gatsby  T.S.Eliot => “It seems to me to be the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James.”  Don Birnam => “There’s no such thing… as a flawless novel. But if there is, this is it.”  Richard Yates => “[It is] the most nourishing novel [I] read… a miracle of talent… a triumph of technique.”