1. “The Confident Years: 1953-1964”
Chapter 28 Review:
“The Confident Years: ”

2. Directions:
Complete the section of the timeline that you have been assigned by brainstorming information about it: (5 min.)
Date and page number from book.
Significance (include details about the event as well as it’s impact on the United States during the Cold War).
As each group comes up to explain their event, complete the timeline handout as they explain the details.

3. Iran and Guatemala Iran Guatemala 1953 - 1954
1953 Iran nationalized British and American oil companies there, US supported the “Shah” in a coup to overthrow the government.
Guatemala
1954 US C.I.A. installed a
pro-American government when communists threatened United Fruit Company and after the gov’t accepted weapons from the Communist bloc.

4. Directions: Iran and Guatemala Vietnam War Suez Crisis Sputnik
Castro overthrows Batista
U-2 Incident
Bay of Pigs
JFK and Khrushchev meet in Vienna
The Berlin Wall
The Alliance For Progress
Cuban Missile Crisis
Limited Test Ban Treaty

5. Vietnam 1954 U.S. had been giving aid to Ngo Diem of South Vietnam
against Communist Ho Chi
Minh of North Vietnam since
1954.
Geneva Accords est. division.
U.S. encouraged Diem to form
a permanent South Vietnam,
had popularity in cities but
was opposed in rural areas
by communist Vietcong.
JFK sends 16k troops,
looks other way when Diem is
assassinated… Another “Proxy War”?
* U.S. reinforced this with the creation
of S.E.A.T.O. in 1954.

6. The Suez Crisis Egypt 1956 France, Britain and Israel attack
Egypt when
Egyptian President
Nasser seized
the Suez Canal
US forces a cease
fire in an effort to
prevent war.
To also give the US
a more favorable
view in the Middle East (Eisenhower Doctrine).

7. Sputnik I
The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!
US concern was due to the fact that the Soviets could
also use this technology to launch an atomic or Hydrogen
bomb against the US.
Also viewed as a psychological loss for America
More money was earmarked for math and science in
schools in order to close the gap. (October Sky).

8. Castro overthrows Batista
1959
Fulgencio Batista was overthrown by rebel leader Fidel Castro in 1959.
Castro appeared to be pro-American at first,
until he began accepting money from the
Soviet Union, and eventually declaring Cuba
a Communist state with strong ties to the USSR
US concern stemmed from a strong Soviet ally so close to American soil.
Set the stage for the Bay of Pigs Invasion and later, the Cuban Missile Crisis.

9. U-2 Incident
May, 1960
Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.
IKE announced that US had “lost” a weather plane, Khrushchev held press conference about the incident.
Damaged US/Soviet trust.

10. Bay of Pigs Incident 1959 Fidel Castro overthrows
April, 1961 (“Operation Mongoose”)
1959 Fidel Castro overthrows
Fulgencio Batista and forms
ties with the U.S.S.R.
1961 U.S. supports Cuban
exiles with C.I.A. to land and
overthrow Castro in Cuba = It
FAILED.
6/1961 – Incident makes JFK
appear weak to Khrushchev
at Summit Conference.

11. JFK and Khrushchev Meet in Vienna
June, 1961
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.
JFK appears this way due to the terrible failure of the Bay of Pigs incident.
Will have long reaching effects as JFK tries to negotiate future treaties with the Soviets.

12. Berlin Wall August, 1961 Soviets feel the need to
stop the flow of people
escaping to West Berlin
from East Berlin.
Khrushchev feels that
JFK will not act to
prevent the wall from
going up.
An example of what Churchill was warning the
West about in his Iron Curtain Speech.

13. Alliance for Progress-1961
Program of economic aid to Latin America.
Effort to prevent other nations from falling to Communism.
Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt and U.S. President John F. Kennedy at La Morita, Venezuela, during an official meeting for the Alliance for Progress in 1961

14. Cuban Missile Crisis
October 15, 1962 U.S. reconnaissance photos showed
missile sites in Cuba!
Defense Secretary
McNamara suggested
a “quarantine” to
block missile delivery.
Soviets backed down in
exchange for U.S.
promise not to
invade Cuba.
JFK won back some of
his “lost” prestige as a
Cold War president.

15. Limited Test Ban Treaty
July, 1963
“Limited Test Ban Treaty”
7/1963 JFK’s greatest
achievement.
Treaty outlawed nuclear
testing in the atmosphere,
in outer space and under water.
Soviets though refused onsite
inspections.
France and China, the other
nuclear powers refused to sign.
Important since it was a step in
the right direction of limiting nuclear arms testing.

16. Five Paragraph AP Style Essay:
Introductory paragraph
Three body paragraphs – each body paragraph needs a minimum of four well explained, described examples. UNDERLINE examples.
Conclusion
Prompt: “Discuss how the period from appeared to be a paradox for the U.S., both as a confident era, but also an insecure one”.
Brainstorm three categories of proof and some examples to support them.