2. Collaborative Civil-Military Information Environments: Challenges and Opportunities Larry Wentz National Defense University Center for Technology and National Security Policy N-TEN Session 1A 17 October 2005

3. Take Away Civil-Military Collaboration, Cooperation and Information Sharing –Culture and social change are the challenges –U.S. Policy and funding arrangements need updated Internet is the de facto Civil-Military Collaborative Information Environment –Collaboration tools interoperability problematic –Need better language translation and search tools Civil-Military ICT Capabilities –Lack agreed ICT architecture and CONOPS—implementation is ad hoc –Lot’s of commonality in commercial ICT capabilities deployed—need to make better use –New commercial products and services constantly emerging Information management and assurance problematic –Tagging, content, quality control, data standards, information packaging tools, misuse, security Trust Sustains Coalitions, Technology is an Enabler

4. Potential Global Partners Governmental Non-Governmental IGOs NGOs CJTF Private Military Corporations IOs Aid AgenciesMilitary Forces Affected Nation DPKO MCDU UN Business Community Civilian Military Multinational Interagency Players OSCE ICRC IFRC EU AU OAS ASEAN Contractors (1)Partners have different responsibilities, authorities, and capabilities and expectations and agendas (2) Roles of Partners vary – Based on cause and urgency of operation – Over time as conditions change Source: Martin Lidy, IDA DoS

5. Challenges Political “will” of participants and organizations Organization cultures differences IO/NGO neutrality and independence sensitivities Policy, doctrine, tactics, techniques, procedures Funding and security restrictions Integrating ad hoc stove-piped capabilities Language differences Cultural and social situation awareness Complex and enormous data problem Information management and assurance Building trust and shared understanding and expectations Lack Civil-Military ICT Architecture and CONOPS SYSCON, Network A/O/M and Spectrum Mgt Responsible organization with authority and resources

6. RCC Staff Service Components Service Components Supporting RCC/FCC Supporting RCC/FCC Interagency JTF Allies & Coalition Allies & Coalition Centers of Excellence Centers of Excellence Synchronous Rules Synchronous Rules Asynchronous Rules Asynchronous Rules Session Scheduling Session Set-up & Prep Running a Collaborative Session Follow-up Actions Taxonomy Approval Process & Posting Authority Naming Convention Document Storage & Archiving Organizations & People Infrastructure Capabilities Procedures Local Area Network Local Area Network Wide Area Network Wide Area Network Synchronous Collaborative Tools Synchronous Collaborative Tools Asynchronous Collaborative Tools Asynchronous Collaborative Tools Situational Awareness Tool Web-based Enterprise Portal Web-based Enterprise Portal Information & Databases External Connectivity External Connectivity The Collaborative Information Environment E-mail IOs/NGOs Industry TechnicalOrganization Kiosks Call Center Internet Cafe Kiosks Call Center Internet Cafe HIC/HAC/IC CMOC/CMIC HIC/HAC/IC CMOC/CMIC

7. Notional Civil-Military Collaborative Information Environment IO IGO NGO UN NATO DoD RCC/SJFHQ JTF USAID DCHA OFDA ( AT, DART, RMT) OTI Region Bureaus DoS PRM S/CRS ( HSRT and ACT ) HIU Multi- National Military CIMIC CMOC Collaborative Information Environment HIC OSOCC CIMIC IMU HACC HIC HAC Multinational Civilian Gov’t Affected Nation Internet Cafe IC DART Country Team IC Kiosk

8. US Military NIPRNET US Military NIPRNET Ad Hoc Civil-Military Collaborative Information Environment Internet International Organizations and NGO Portals International Organizations and NGO Portals Military Unclassified Portals Military Unclassified Portals Civilian Gov’t and other Civil Organizations Portals Civilian Gov’t and other Civil Organizations Portals NGOs IOs US Civil Gov’t Agencies US Military Classified Networks MILSATCOMCOMSAT Military Classified Portals Military Classified Portals Bloggers DMZ Internet is the “de facto” civil-military collaborative information network and commercial SATCOM the primary communications means UN Commercial ICT Capability Packages

9. Example of Civil-Military Deployable ICT Capability Packages and Distributed Information Environment Internet (Email, VoIP, GIS, Collaboration Tools, VTC, Video, Imagery, …) Military S&R ICT Civilian Gov’t S&R ICT ISP SATPHONE GSM/PSTN IO, IGO, NGO S&R ICT Web Sites IT Comms ISP SATPHONE GSM/PSTN ISP SATPHONE GSM/PSTN Teleport VSAT Teleport VSAT Teleport VSAT VSAT, GSM, SATPHONES, PSTN, AM/FM, HF, VHF, UHF, TV Networks Services Voice, Fax, Data Email, Internet VTC, Video, Imagery System Control Net Mgt & Admin Frequency Mgt Portals, Hubs, & Virtual Workspaces Host Country Details Situation Awareness Who’s doing what, where, $ : Maps, Assessments, Web portals Phonebook/Email address books Radio Nets (Security, 1 st Responders,..) CMOC IMC CIMIC HIC Kiosks: Call Center Internet Café HIC Metadata Registry and Catalog and Shared Workspace Enable Capacity Building ISP GSM PSTN Radio TV Host Nation Information/Knowledge Mgt Information Assurance

10. Commercial ICT Capability Packages and Distributed Information Network Military Unclassified Portals Metadata Repository Internet Other Military Elements Internet in a Box Commercial Civilian Agency Portals Distributed Information Network International Organizations NGO Portals Shared Workspace COEs and SMEs Academia Industry Data Repositories Inmarsat Phone (2.4 to 4.8 kb/s) Cell Phone Radios Registry Catalog Shared space Telephone PABX PSTN/ISP RBGAN to VSAT (144Kb/s to Mb/s ) WiFi Antenna ICT Capability Package WiFi COW LOS Tx Radio/TV Forward Deployed Capabilities Wired and Wireless LAN Internet Access (VoIP, Email, Data, Video, Imagery, Browsers, Portals, Metadata Repository) Collaboration, Assessment, Visualization Maps/Mapping Tools, GIS, GPS Distributed Information Environment (One stop shopping) Laptops, desktops, M/S office, Adobe Cellular and Public Phones HF,VHF, UHF Radios Satellite phones, VSAT VHF G/A Radios WiFi Cell on Wheels Portable PABX LOS Tx Radio/TV Print

11. Example Applications and Tools M/S Office Internet access –Email and browser –Search tools Adobe GIS tools Mapping tools Collaboration tools –IWS, Groove, WebEx, … Secure P2P Shared workspace and chat rooms Information management –Forms, reports, and tracking tools –Tagging, content, trusted sources,… Database tools Visualization and analysis tools Language translation tools –Babylon (TriM---MITRE), Tides,.. VoIP –Skype,… VTC GPS (Geo-referencing) Web site development tools Digital camera, video, imagery Cell phones –Text messaging, pictures and video PDAs –GPS, Camera, Templates, …

12. Tsunami U.S. Relief Ops APAN Portals (Virtual CMOC) APAN Portals (Virtual CMOC) DoD Local Nationals IO/NGO Shared Workspace SATPHONES INMARSAT IRIDIUM THURAYA Internet Telephone Computer LAN Wireless LAN Laptop GSM Cellular DoD Local Nationals IO/NGO SIPRNet Computer JIACG Forward Deployed PDC & COE Portals PDC & COE Portals ReliefWeb, UNJLC, WFP, …. ICRC Portals DoS HIU eRoom Portal VSAT Bloggers

13. Examples of Technical ICT Partners Internet UN portals VVFA (security awareness) GRT Fusion Center TSF, VITA DRASTIC GRT United Nations FITTEST Commercial Satellites Teleport WiFi, VSAT, Satellite Phones, Cellular, Radios, VoIP, Collaboration Tools, VTC, Video, GIS Tools, … NetHope NetRelief Kit Strong Angel like TCS SwiftLink ISP Hub PSTN ProActive Inveneo

14. Way Ahead Create an environment of willingness to conduct more open cooperation and sharing between the civilian and military participants Seek achieving an agreed strategy, CONOPS, systems architecture and standards for creating a collaborative information environment and improved information sharing –ICT architecture and data standards –Improve shared situation awareness –Information management and assurance –Translation tools –Interoperable collaboration tools Seek agreement on organization arrangements for creating and maintaining a civil-military collaborative information environment Improve civil-military social networking –Education and workshops –Exercises, training, and experiments