1. GPS Fall 2000 Spring 2001

2. What is GPS ? Constellation of satellites Developed by Department of Defense Used 24 hrs./day anywhere on Earth

3. Dead reckoning- ` direction calculated by last position. Land-based positioning - Uses radio towers, Must have three towers Satellite-based positioning- AKA. Global positioning system. GPS for short. Where on Earth are We?

4. Segments of GPS Space- SatellitesSpace- Satellites User- UsUser- Us Control- Monitoring stationsControl- Monitoring stations

5. Space 24 satellites24 satellites 12,000 miles above Earth12,000 miles above Earth Orbit twice dailyOrbit twice daily Always have at least 4 satellitesAlways have at least 4 satellites “ In View”

6. = above horizon = above horizon Each satellite sends & receives radio signalsEach satellite sends & receives radio signals Radio signals travel 186,000 miles per secondRadio signals travel 186,000 miles per second Satellites equipped with atomic clock for accuracySatellites equipped with atomic clock for accuracy “In View”

7. Uses MilitaryMilitary IndustrialIndustrial CommercialCommercial CivilianCivilian

8. Control location list

9. The orbital paths of today's GPS satellites

10. A scientists working on a GPS satellite Satellite Information Name -->NAVSTAR Man.->Rockwell international Alt. -->10,900 Nautical miles Lbs.. -->#1900 in orbit Size. -->17' with solar panels extended Orbital R.12 hr Orbital P.55° to equatorial plane Planed life7.5 years # built11 Block 1 prototype 28 Block 2 prototype Constellation24 satellites

11. triangulation Data reception/ distribution

12. Cars, planes, and boats use GPS to Navigate. Triangulation is uses by receivers in the vehicles to pin point position. Multiple users

13. The Pseudo-random code. GPS systems use a complicated digital code to record information and send their signal for our receivers. The advantage is with these codes you can also make time measurements. Satellites not only transmit a pseudo-random code for timing but also transmit a “Data Message” about there exact orbital location and their systems health

14. Quick plan= a scale that gives you PDOP and Nsats in order to calculate good data collecting days and times PDOP=positional dilution of precision Nsats= satellites numbers available

15. Satelev/ Satellite Level= how high there are in the sky. During the day

16. Any Questions

17. GPS Mapping of the Beaver Creek Field Research Station Nick P. & Denver J. Fall 2000 Spring 2001

18. Nick P. Computer man

19. Denver J. Mapping Man

20. Our plan: To create an GPS accurate map of the field station

21. Beaver Creek Field Research Station 400 + acres of mapping pleasure

22. Some Starting Questions What do we need to know about mapping? What should we Map? When finished how will people use our map? What type of data do we need gathered?

23. What kind of equipment do we need? How long will it take? Will we be finished by the end of the year? What efforts shall we undertake to prepare future students interested in GPS mapping? Some Starting Questions

24. How we use GPS 1. Look at Quick Plan program to find when the data collection will be good. 2. Decide what we want to map. 3. Make a data dictionary for sorting our data. 4. Begin mapping area in interest.

25. 5. When we’re done we return to school and load the data in to the computer. 6. After reviewing the data, we decide whether to remap or correct. 7. Retrieve internet correction files from http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-test/ufcors2.prl, to differentially correct data. 8.Export to ArcView.

26. Problems we had The battery going dead when mapping, Poor data reception, Weather, School Conflicts, illnesses Not being able to correct our data files. Transportation problems during the winter. Technology problems with computers Among many others

27. Pathfinder Office We use Pathfinder to analyze correct, export, and delete data. We also set up data dictionaries which it an organizer for data, form here we can load and unload data from the GPS receiver. ArcView In ArcView we are able to set projections placing items were they need to be, also can create good looking maps of what we are doing. Here we can set specific values for different features giving them distinction from other data layers.

28. Some of our field work At the Beavercreek field research station. Trails/roads Fields Steam/ponds Corner points Bird feeders

29. Our First Generation Map of the Beaver Creek Field Research Station

30. Any Questions

31. Mapping Deer Trails with GPS by Andy Eklof and Randy Klatt

32. What Vegetation Types Do Deer Prefer?

33. Our Hypothesis: Deer Prefer Areas Dominated By Oak, Aspen, and Pine Vegetation.

34. Where Did We Get The Background For Our Hypothesis? “Deer trail abundance suggested a strong preference for open, aspen, and jack pine habitats. Lower deer use occurred in oak and red pine habitats…….If the management objective is to maintain the existing deer habitat suitability in central Wisconsin, we recommend maintaining as much of the existing open, aspen, and jack pine habitats as possible.” -Habitat Relationships of Deer and Ruffed Grouse in Central Wisconsin John F. Kubisiak and Robert E. Rolley Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Research Report #176, March 1998

35. “Deer trail abundance suggested a strong preference for open, aspen, and jack pine habitats. Lower deer use occurred in oak and red pine habitats…….If the management objective is to maintain the existing deer habitat suitability in central Wisconsin, we recommend maintaining as much of the existing open, aspen, and jack pine habitats as possible.” -Habitat Relationships of Deer and Ruffed Grouse in Central Wisconsin by John F. Kubisiak and Robert E. Rolley

36. Where And When Did We Perform Our Research?

37. Air photo of the Beaver Creek Field Research Station

38. How Did We Record The Deer Trails?

41. What Did We Do With Our Recorded Data?

44. How Did We Know What Vegetation Dominated The Area Where We Did Our Research?

46. What Type of Vegetation Did Deer Prefer?

48. What Type of Vegetation Did The Deer Prefer The Most?

49. Travel Distances by Vegetation Type

50. To Summarize “Deer trail abundance suggested a strong preference for open, aspen, and jack pine habitats. Lower deer use occurred in oak and red pine habitats…….” While we found that deer prefer vegetation dominated by oak and pine, they also prefer open fields surrounded by oak and pine vegetation. Original Hypothesis Our Findings

51. Any Questions?