1. Marine Fishes

2. What is a fish?? Classic definition: -Any of numerous cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a streamlined body and including specifically, and... streamlined body and including specifically, and... -Any of the class Osteichthyes, having a bony skeleton, and... -Any of the class Chondrichthyes, having a cartilaginous skeleton and including the sharks, rays, and skates. skeleton and including the sharks, rays, and skates. Although this is all accurate...we will find that fish are considerably MORE!! considerably MORE!!

3. Fish similarities... Vertebrate ( chordate)Vertebrate ( chordate) GillsGills FinsFins ScalesScales

4. What is a fusiform body shape? pointed leading edgepointed leading edge maximum depth 1/3 body length back from headmaximum depth 1/3 body length back from head posterior taperposterior taper caudal fin interrupts ideal fusiform shapecaudal fin interrupts ideal fusiform shape

5. Hagfish (Agnatha): jawless fish

6. Lamprey Predatory/parasiticPredatory/parasitic Rasping teethRasping teeth

7. Parasitism of Great Lakes fishes…

8. Cartilagenous Fishes (Sharks, Skates and Rays)

9. Distinguishing Traits cartilaginous skeleton no swim bladder heterocercal tail scales and teeth spiracles present with 5-7 gill slits males have claspers, internal fertilization teeth in rows, are constantly replaced

10. Sharks exhibit extreme variability in size, shape and abilities.

11. Nearly 850 spp. of sharks, 350 exhibit typical body morphology.

12. Variations on this theme are common.

13. Carchariniformes – basking sharks, filter feeder Cetorhinus maximus

14. Great White, Carcharodon carcharias Mako Great White Isurus oxyrinchus Lamniformes - mackerel, mako, white sharks mako, white sharks-carnivores

15. Skates and rays spend most of their lives near (on) the ocean floor eating molluscs, squid, and small fish. Yellow stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis

16. Like sharks, skates and rays come in many shapes and sizes.

17. Blue spotted ray, Taeniura lymma

18. Skates (order Rajiformes) pelvic fin divided into two lobes tail relatively stocky, no spine Rays (order Myliobatiformes) each pelvic fin with one lobe tail relatively slender to whip-like spine

19. Boneless vs. Bony

20. Cycloid and Ctenoid Scales Found in bony fishes (the Teleostei). Overlapping = flexibility, over cosmoid or ganoid scales. Cycloid scales—smooth posterior margin. (Greek "cyclo“ or circle.)

21. Fish form and function show a high degree of variation.

22. Coloration is also very important in fish. Here a stonefish “disappears” amid the coral background. Chromatophores, specialized pigment cells within its skin provide protective coloration.

23. Disrupt the outline of the fish Disrupt the outline of the fish

24. Being dark on top, light on bottom – Look like substrate from above – Look like water surface from below Being dark on top, light on bottom – Look like substrate from above – Look like water surface from below

25. Warning coloration! May indicate poisonous amimal.

26. Fish Locomotion Primary forces involved in fish swimming:Primary forces involved in fish swimming: –Thrust - force that propels forward –Drag - friction produced from passing an object through a medium –Gravity – force from earth’s magnetic pull (partially counterbalanced by density of water) –Lift - upward force that counteracts gravity

27. Fish Feeding - function HerbivoresHerbivores –< 5% of all bony fishes, no cartilaginous fishes browsers - selective - eat only the plantbrowsers - selective - eat only the plant grazers - less selective - include sedimentsgrazers - less selective - include sediments DetritivoresDetritivores –5 - 10% of all species –feed on decomposing organic matter

28. Fish Feeding - function, cont. CarnivoresCarnivores –zooplanktivores suction feedingsuction feeding ram feedingram feeding –benthic invertebrate feeders graspersgraspers pickerspickers sorterssorters crusherscrushers

29. Fish Feeding - function, cont. Carnivores, cont.Carnivores, cont. –fish feeders active pursuitactive pursuit stalkingstalking ambushingambushing luringluring

30. Fish feeding behavior Fish feeding behavior integrates morphology with perception to obtain food:Fish feeding behavior integrates morphology with perception to obtain food: –Search –--> Detection – --> Pursuit – --> Capture – --> Ingestion

31. Feeding behavior Fish show versatility in prey choice and ingestionFish show versatility in prey choice and ingestion Behavior tightly linked to morphologyBehavior tightly linked to morphology(co-evolution)

32. Lateral line also aids in navigation in close quarters. Damselfish, Chromis spp.

33. Predator avoidance

34. Migration for some salmon is a one-way trip!