1. Chapter 6 Marine Vertebrates
Vertebrate features, Marine Fishes and Tetrapods

2. Vertebrate Features
All living vertebrates share similar structural features:
Bilateral symmetry
A postanal tail
An anterior brain
Specialized sense organs
Centrally located vertebral skeleton for support

3. Fishes
There are more species of fishes than all other vertebrate groups combined, and a majority of these are marine.
Classes include:
Agnatha (cyclostomata) a primitive fish lacking paired fins and true jaws. Rep: lampreys and hagfishes
Chondrichthyes include sharks, rays and skates. They exhibit true jaws, paired fins, and scales but a cartilagenous skeleton.
Osteichthyes are the bony fish and have true jaws, paired fins, scales and a bony skeleton

4. Agnatha (Cyclostomata): lamprey

5. Agnatha: Hagfish

6. Chondrichthyes: Shark

7. Shark egg cases
                              

9. Whale shark egg found

10. Great White Shark

11. Bull shark

13. Whale shark

18. Chondrichthyes: Sting ray

20. Chondrichthyes: skate

21. Skates lay eggs

22. Male and female chondrichthyes

23. Osteichthyes: bony fishes

26. Tetrapods
Three classes of air-breathing marine tetrapods – Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia
Sea snakes, turtles, the marine iguana, marine crocodiles, and a large number of birds and mammals forage the sea.
Reptiles and birds share several adaptations, including nasal salt glands and uric acid excretion.
Marine mammals include two groups, the cetaceans (whales, porpoises, dolphins) and the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) as well as sea otters, manatees, and dugongs.

27. Marine Amphibians: Crab-eating frog
Amphibians on the whole are intolerant of saline conditions, but the Crab-eating frog is among the very few exceptions. It is found in the brackish-water of mangrove streams and also in adjacent damp, grassy areas.

28. Marine Reptiles

29. What can you do to help?

30. Marine Reptiles

31. Marine Reptiles

32. Marine Reptiles: Sea snakes

33. Marine Aves

34. Marine Aves

35. Marine Aves

36. Marine Aves

37. Marine Aves

38. Marine Aves

39. Marine Aves

40. Marine Mammals

41. Marine Mammals

42. Marine Mammals, Order Pinnepedia
Warmer water from this year's El Niño weather pattern has driven away fish and squid the mammals eat to survive, forcing them to leave their island habitats for the mainland to find food. On islands from San Francisco to San Diego, beaches are littered with carcasses of California sea lions and northern fur seals. Sea gulls pick at some bodies. Others lay dying, barely moving.

43. Plastic pollution and the seal

44. Killer whale

45. Sea Lion

46. Marine Mammals
The walrus has the best creature mustache! With as many as 700 hairs packed on their snout, a walrus has a nose for sniffing out food and nuzzle-kissing their friends! They love to sunbathe, and in the cold waters they swim in -- sometimes diving as deep as 300 feet -- a little sun must be nice and warm! Usually timid and shy, but easily provoked, the walrus has two massive tusks which it uses in three ways: to get girls, to get a grip when climbing out of the water onto ice, and to anchor themselves on the ocean bottom while digging for clams. The biggest tusked bull has breeding rights. The walrus dines on clams, snails, mussels, and 40 other kinds of invertebrates all found at the bottom of the sea. Walruses communicate to each other with knocks, bells, clacks, and whistles, and love to hang out in big piles on the beach of more than 100! The walrus has air sacs under their throats that they can fill like floatation bubbles and bob vertically in the water and sleep! A walrus can move on land as fast as a man can run! Unlike seals, who have to drag their hind ends around, a walrus can walk on all fours! The walrus has a special strategy to dig for clams -- the SQUIRT! A walrus squirts high-power jets of water out of their mouths! They use this talent like a water drill to get to clams under the mud!

47. Marine Mammals Order Carnivora, the polar bears

48. Marine Mammals: Order Sirenia the manatees & dugongs

49. Marine Mammals: bottlenose dolphin

50. Marine Mammals

51. What is the Difference Between a Dolphin and a Porpoise?
Dolphins and porpoises are so similar that it is easy to confuse which is which.
In general, porpoises are smaller and plumper than dolphins, rarely reaching lengths of more than 6 feet and weights of more than 300 pounds. They have a rounded head and a small, triangular dorsal fin. Porpoises lack the "beak" characteristic of most dolphins, having a blunt snout instead.