2. Marine Birds

3. Physical Adaptations for the sea: Wing Shape –Long/slim = pelagic, months of flying –Short wings = diving Feathers –Water-repellent feathers –More than land birds Webbed feet for swimming after prey Thick skull bones and air sacs around necks for head first dives Salt glands

4. Behavioral Adaptations Breed later Fewer young – invest a lot of time into offspring Nest in colonies Long migrations

5. Most Common Marine Birds in Hawaii: 1.Albatrosses 2. Shearwaters and Petrels 3.Frigatebirds 4.Boobies 5.Terns and Noddies

6. Albatross See well at night, feed on squid Distinct courtship Once together, together for life …separate at sea, but return each year 2 main types: Layson and black-footed Largest seabirds in North Pacific Leave in June/July return in October

7. Shearwater and Petrels Long pointed wings Slender bodies See well at night Remain paired for life Dig burrows Awkward on land, legs so far back they cannot walk Migrate to C. America to feed

8. Frigatebirds Large, black, slim wings, with forked tail Males have red pouches for mating rituals Feed during the day “Great frigatebirds” most common in HI Efficient in the air, known to pursue other seabirds and rob their food

9. Boobies

10. Designed for plunge diving (30 ft above) Well adapted for terrestrial and marine life Nest any month of the year Incubate by wrapping their feet around the egg (balls, fish floats) Common types: Brown, Red footed, Masked

11. Terns and Noddies Slender, graceful with long pointed wings and straight tapered bills Swim poorly, feet are too small Live aloft, sleeping during flight Ceremonial fish flights

12. Why are they important? IMPORTANT CONSUMER –over 400,000 tons of fish, squid, crustaceans each year! Indicators for fish schools and land Bird feces (guano) = fertilizer

13. Threats to Marine Birds Bycatch –100,000 albatross hooked on long-line fishing a year Overfishing Hunting of birds and eggs Introduced species –Kill nesting birds, destroy habitat Biomagnification of toxins and pollutants

14. Hawaii Marine Bird Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7cM ihMeq3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7cM ihMeq3Y http://www.hawaiianatolls.org/video/now ramp020927.phphttp://www.hawaiianatolls.org/video/now ramp020927.php