1. Demersal Longline Fishing Procedures & Gear Trinidad longliner, 2005, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 482 http://www.worldwideseafoods.ca/fleet.html

2. Introduction  Demersal longlining is global Copyright © 1999-2010 Michael Pidwirny

3. Objectives  Define demersal longlining & describe 1 potential impact  Describe 3 components of demersal longline gear  List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter  Demonstrate ability to complete the Gear Description form

4. What is demersal longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in on or near bottom  Usually on continental shelf or slope Schoolmeester & Baker 2009

5. What is demersal longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish on or near bottom  Usually on continental shelf & slope  Primary targets: gadiiformes, sharks Cohen et al. 1990; FAO via http://www.fishbase.org/ http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/sharks/offshore.html

6. What is demersal longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish on or near bottom  Usually on continental shelf & slope  Primary targets: gadoids, sharks  Bait = fish or squid depending on target

7. What is demersal longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish on or near bottom  Usually on continental shelf & slope  Primary targets: gadoids, sharks  Bait = fish or squid depending on target  Fishery impacts – bycatch of seabirds, sharks, coral Nicolas Gasco F. Arocha Red snapper – http://forums.floridasportsman.com/forum/ west-central-general-info/6-month-grouper- closier-2011 Lophelia II 2009: Deepwater Coral Expedition: Reefs, Rigs, and Wrecks

8. Data collection priorities 1. Estimate effort for each gear deployment; 2. Identify every individual caught in subsample and estimate percent retained; 3. Collect biological information on target and other identified species as requested; 4. Record all sightings and interactions with marine mammals and sea turtles; 5. Record vessel and fishing gear characteristics.

9. How is gear fished?  Strategies http://flowergarden.noaa.gov/image_library /deepreefimages.html

10. How is gear fished?  Strategies  Deployment (videos)

11. How is gear fished?  Strategies  Deployment  Retrieval Andy Murch, http://sharkdiver.wordpress.com/ B. Richardson 2005 SEASWAP John Bennett - http://sanaspiring.wordpress.com

12. Gear components - overview Single line Double line

13. Gear components - groundline Polyester longline; http://www.artisanalfish.com Monofilament longline; http://www.artisanalfish.com http://www.mustad-autoline.com

14. Gear components - gangion Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 http://www.mustad-autoline.com Photo: K. Dietrich 2010

15. Snap (clip; www.leadertec.com) Swivels (Beverly 2009)

16. Gear components - hooks

17. Gear – setting devices  Autobiater – Autoline system  Setting tube http://www.beauline.com/mustadau toline.htm http://www.mustad-autoline.com/

18. Gear components – gear markers Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997

19. http://williamsmarineltd.ca/Manfacturing.html http://store.vernondeon.com/

20. Lead sphere ; www.seamar.net Concrete cylinders, Chilean longliner, K. Dietrich 2010 B. Richardson 2005

21. http://ec21.com/

22. Gear – hauling devices  Line hauler  Groundline drum http://www.mustad-autoline.com/ http://www.qmarine.com

23. Gear – seabird mitigation Photo: Washington Sea Grant Davit / tori pole Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry

24. Gear – seabird mitigation Streamer curtain Water cannon Drawings: BirdLife International - Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12

25. Gear Description Form

29.  Questions about gear or the gear form?  Practice exercise Groups of 5-6 10 minutes to complete Gear Description Form Break – 10 minutes Discuss exercise

30. Gear Description Form Z007SLE00524 2 83 11 silver/gray Manline 2 n/a 1 Mustadcircle 16 / 0 stainless 0

31. Gear Description Form Rocks 5.25 x x

32. 1

33. Occasionally deployed a single streamer. Streamer consisted of 50m of 3- strand blue polypropylene line with packing straps inserted every 2 m. A small float (.3m diameter) was attached to the terminal end.

34. Summary  Describe the difference between demersal & semi-pelagic longlining  What are the potential impacts of this fishery?  Describe 3 components of demersal longline gear  List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter on demersal longline vessels

35. References  Beverly, S. 2009. Longline terminal gear Identification guide - Draft. Submitted to the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, Scientific Committee, Fifth Regular Session, 10-21 August 2009, Port Vila, Vanuatu, WCPFC-SC5-2009/FT-IP-01, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Marine Resources Division, Coastal Fisheries Programme, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.  BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 11 (Version 1)  BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12 (Version 1)  Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 10 (125). 442 p.  Hanrahan, J., D. J. Melindy, and J. V. Pelrine. 1997. At-sea Observer Program Operations Manual: A Training Aid and Field Reference. National At-sea Fisheries Observer Program, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada.  Michael Pidwirny & Scott Jones. 1999-2010. Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2 nd Edition) (e- book). University of British Columbia Okanagan. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/contents.html  Schoolmeester, Tina and Elaine Baker (eds) 2009. Continental Shelf: The Last Maritime Zone. UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Norway. http://www.unep.org/dewa/pdf/AoA/Continental_Shelf.pdf  Tietze, U.; Thiele, W.; Lasch, R.; Thomsen, B; Rihan, D. Economic performance and fishing efficiency of marine capture fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 482. Rome, FAO. 2005. 68p. http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y6982e/y6982e05.htm

36. Misc photos http://www.frpboat.cn/fishing-2998.asp http://www.ecplaza.net/search/0s1nf20sell/tuna_longline_fishing_vessel.html Cuban longline vessel: FAO Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. 2002