1. Open Education ____________________________________________________ Past, Present, and Your Future Paul Kawachi FRSA kawachi @ open - ed. net

2. overview past present future

3. overview past present futureyour

4. overview past present futureyour : define ‘open’ : development : re-define ‘open’

5. overview The purpose and aims for this presentation : (1)define ‘open’ : to see what other open universities are doing, to know the differences (2) development : to understand how universities change, and why there are differences (3) re-define ‘open’ : to understand the current reform and to see your role in all this

6. overview past present futureyour : define ‘open’ : development : re-define ‘open’

7. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, methods, ideas

8. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

9. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, methods, ideas UK Open University started out with quality assurance and research orientation they started almost all the leading innovations...

10. 1. define ‘open’ people : modular courses, credit bank, and listening to students places : local tutors, repeated broadcasts, and recordings of lessons methods : study centres, supported learning, educational radio and television ideas : easy English, conversational model women’s studies, group team learning, and cross-faculty courses

11. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net The first ever recording of open distance education university course material was of radio broadcasts published in Germany as a plastic record in 1970

12. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net The first ever recording of open distance education university course material was of radio broadcasts published in Germany as a plastic record in 1970

13. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, methods, ideas UK Open University but not yet... languages, cultures, costs

14. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, methods India IGNOU they are open to changing their mission statement

15. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, methods India IGNOU and open to... languages, costs but not yet... cultures

16. 1. define ‘open’ : people, (places), (methods) Japan O U J and not yet... languages, costs, cultures, time

17. 1. define ‘open’ : people, (places), (methods) Japan O U J mission = promote lifelong learning for older adults and not yet... languages, costs, cultures, time

18. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, costs Korea N O U

19. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, Australasia not open to... methods, time and pacing, modularisation, curriculum, or costs

20. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, Australasia characterised by distance education rather than open learning

21. 1. define ‘open’ philosophical difference distance education : conformity to standard teaching to students-as-objects open learning : individualised learner-centred honours and values diversity student is the subject of learning

22. 1. define ‘open’ : people, places, Australasia characterised by distance education rather than open learning

23. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

24. 2. develop cycles : to understand the role and function of openness in open universities we need to understand the cycles of development

25. 2. develop cycles : basically there are two parts in each cycle of development

26. 2. develop cycles : basically there are two parts in each cycle of development these are first technical improvement followed by quality improvement

27. 2. develop cycles : basically there are two parts in each cycle of development these are first technical improvement followed by quality improvement originally proposed by Otto Peters in 1983 then identified by Paul Kawachi in 2002

28. 2. develop cycles : technical improvement zweckrationalität technical rationalisation quality improvement wertrationalität value - adding rationalisation

29. 2. develop cycles : zweckrationalität, wertrationalität technical value - adding 1970 ~ 1990 1990 ~ 1995 1995 ~ 2000 2001 ~ 2005 2005 ~ 2008 2009 ~ 2012 2013 ~ 2020 2021 ~

30. 2. develop zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 1970 ~ 1990 1990 ~ 1995 industrialisation tutor - support mass production media choice learners in groups

31. 2. develop zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 1995 ~ 2000 2001 ~ 2005 objective text - based student - centred internet use ethnic diversity email tolerance / law

32. 2. develop zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 2005 ~ 2008 2009 ~ 2012 financial crisis consortia mergers course choices sharing courses social networking

33. 2. develop zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 2013 ~ 2020 2021 ~ prior - learning face - recognition recognition voice - recognition virtual reality cross-accreditation student mobility lifelong learning

34. 2. develop cycles : zweckrationalität, wertrationalität technical value - adding 1970 ~ 1990 1990 ~ 1995 1995 ~ 2000 2001 ~ 2005 2005 ~ 2008 2009 ~ 2012 2013 ~ 2020 2021 ~

35. 2. develop cycles : different regions are at different stages of vertical development ( cycles of technical + value-adding ) and of horizontal development ( out-reach )

36. 2. develop cycles : understanding these cycles helps us to know that different countries are at different stages and even within a country different universities are at different stages

37. 3. re-define ‘open’ : UK Open University has 20 million downloads of courseware from i Tunes Univ put short courses freely online http://www.open.ac.uk/openlearn 60 % of those who try sampler courses later enrol + they offer new Openings courses for the poor

38. 3. re-define ‘open’ : Humboldt Bologna

39. 3. re-define ‘open’ : Humboldt founded the first liberal arts university Bologna Process of specialisation aiming to recover higher education for the people

40. types of university and distinct function of each type Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

41. 3. re-define ‘open’ : universities stand for different purposes and develop vertically rarely connecting with each other

42. 3. re-define ‘open’ universities stand for different purposes

43. 3. re-define ‘open’ universities stand for different purposes medicine hospital school teachers college business school M B A adult - education open university

44. 3. re-define ‘open’ and develop individually without joining together medicine hospital school teachers college business school MBA adult-ed open university

45. 3. re-define ‘open’ can they join together ?

46. 3. re-define ‘open’ maybe open university technology university teacher training university

47. 3. re-define ‘open’ and possibly transnationally O U J O U C K N O U

48. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net some open universities are moving into Stage 6 or 7

49. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net to develop into Stage 6 the open university needs to be open culturally and to develop into Stage 7 the open university needs to develop shared open resources

50. 3. re-define ‘open’ to develop into Stage 6 the open university needs to be open culturally and to develop into Stage 7 the open university needs to develop shared open resources

51. 3. re-define ‘open’ to develop into Stage 6 the open university needs to be open culturally and to develop into Stage 7 the open university needs to develop shared open resources Let’s see how well open universities are developing and re-defining the concept of open = going out

52. 3. re-define ‘open’ : UK Open University offers pic-n-mix courses, certs higher ed, diplomas, and degrees in ‘Open Programme’ BA/ BSc Open Degree http://www3.open.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/qualification/bd.htm

53. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net “ With the Open degree you can take modules from any of our undergraduate subjects … You can also get a Certificate of Higher Education Open, and a Diploma of Higher Education Open, on the way to your Open degree with honours. The Open degree is an important part of what makes the Open University unique.”

54. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

55. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net in Britain the Open University goes out hand-in-hand with others into the high streets

56. in New Zealand too Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

57. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net … in a sub-way train station underground in Taipei

58. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

59. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net … and in Canada

60. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net … mobile library buses go out to reach the people in rural Britain

61. 3. re-define ‘open’ : India IGNOU people, places, methods languages, costs and gradually... cultures

62. 3. re-define ‘open’ : Japan O U J people, methods ( = lifelong learning ) and also now... places eg community centres

63. 3. re-define ‘open’ : Japan O U J most excitingly open to real collaboration across cultures

64. 3. re-define ‘open’ : Japan O U J most excitingly open to real collaboration across cultures unique !

65. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Open University of China is always looking out to find new ways to reach the people

66. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Open University of China is open to high technology

67. 3. re-define ‘open’

68. : we must go outside to be open, listen PLAR, share with family, continue lifelong learning learning and … more open to cultures, costs, languages Only a few teachers … but who is a teacher ? Peers, senior even junior students are also teachers especially graduates and alumni

69. summary

70. past present future summary your : define ‘open’ : development : re-define ‘open’

71. summary define ‘open’ : people, places, methods, ideas development : cycles of technical and value-adding re-define ‘open’ : we must go outside to be open

72. summary define ‘open’ : people, places, methods, ideas development : cycles of technical and value-adding re-define ‘open’ : we must go outside to be open, listen, share, and continue learning

73. summary define ‘open’ : people, places, methods, ideas development : cycles of technical and value-adding re-define ‘open’ : we must go outside to be open, listen, share, and continue learning, develop new resources

74. ‘open’ defined as ways to come in ‘open’ re-defined as ways to go out Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

75. you can download these slides freely from the website http://www.open-ed.net / library / define. ppt or by email to me at kawachi @ open - ed. net

76. you can download the full paper http://www.open-ed.net / library / define. pdf or by email to me at kawachi @ open - ed. net

77. thank you http://www.open-ed.net/ presentations.pdf

78. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net past present futureyour : define ‘open’ : development : re-define ‘open’

79. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net http://www.open-ed.net/ presentations.pdf thank you

80. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net http://www.open-ed.net/ presentations.pdf thank you