1. Propagule Pressure Tory White, Bri Habel, Sarah Ryan, Anna Sheinaus

3. Definitions Propagule Pressure Propagule Biases Null Model

4. Summary Propagule pressure... ● Should be null model for invasion studies ● Is significantly associated with invasiveness and invasibility ● Can disconfirm interpretations of invasion patterns

5. 1- Invasion history/widespread 2- Physiological tolerance 3- Consumption efficiency 4- Body size/ biomass 5- Individual growth rate 6- Life span/ generation time 7- Generation success/ rate 8- Seed Size 9- Reproductive output 10- Length of growing/breeding season 11- Hermaphroditic/ asexual reproduction 12- Niche/ Habitat separation 13- Effects of herbivores/ predators 0/1- Anthropogenic activity 1- Disturbance 2-Resource food availability or quality 3- Light intensity 4- Species richness or diversity 5- Species abundance or density 6- Effects of herbivores/ predators :Contrasts that did not consider the potentially confounding effects of propagule pressure :Did measure propagule pressure :Used propagule pressure as control

6. Example of Propagule Bias Globally invasive birds tend to belong to just seven families o ducks/geese, pheasants, other game species Does this mean that those species have special characteristics that make them more successful for invasion?

8. Literature Review - Methods ●Forward-tracing of our paper led to 441 papers ●We reviewed 20 papers ●Collected data: support/doesn’t support Colautti et al’s hypothesis; taxonomic group each paper focused on (if any)

9. Literature Review - Results Agreeance: 19/20 Studies ●-Aquatic/Terrestrial Plants, Freshwater Fish, Insects, Marine Fish, Pathogens Disagreeance: 1/20 Studies ●-Birds ●-Often due to lack of research or inconclusive results

11. Discussion ●Hypothesis well supported ●Applicable across almost all taxonomic groups; EXCEPT maybe birds European Starling Sturnus vulgaris An invasive bird in the US

12. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0169534705000327/1-s2.0-S0169534705000327-main.pdf?_tid=1251fcce-5540-11e4-a2ee- 00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1413469620_95a548b464d6743ba59391ebab738b8b http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/05-0427 http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120304 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01418.x/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02365.x/full http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00521.x/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00521.x/pdf PAB