1. Chapter 7
Part 3

2. Terms to Know Political Machine Graft Boss Tweed Patronage
Civil Service
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield

3. Ore Terms! Chester A. Arthur Pendleton Civil Service Act
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Jarrison

4. The Political Machine Growing Cities Growing Poverty Growing Crime
And insufficient Government response

5. After the Civil War
The Political Machine gained control of cities all ov er America
An organized group that took control of a political party in a city

6. What the Machines Offered:
Services to voters and businesses
In exchange for
Political or financial support

7. Machines were like a pyramid
At the base were the block captains
They helped the poor and got the votes when the poor became citizens
At the top was the Boss: He could deliver the votes or the contracts

8. The Party Boss Was sometimes the mayor Or could be behind the scenes
Controlled city jobs
Licenses
Could influence the courts
And city agencies

9. The Machine Built Parks Sewer Systems Waterworks Gave miney to schools
Hospitals
Orphanages

10. The Machine
By solving urban problems the machine continued to earn voters’ loyalty

11. Immigrants and the Machine
Block captains were often recent immigrants themselves
They understood the problems of the new arrivals
Helped with jobs, housing, medical care, getting ready for citizenship, education

12. The immigrants were grateful
They would vote for whoever the block captain suggested
Help from the government and the Church was hard to come by

13. The Machine filled a need
BUT it WAS corrupt
Boss Tweed was the most famous of the big party Bosses
He led the Tweed Ring
And defrauded NY city out of a great deal of money

14. The construction of a courthouse
Cost $3 million dollars
BUT the taxpayers ended up paying $13 million for it
Eventually there was a punlic outcry

15. Thomas Nast
A political cartoonist inspired the outcry

18. 1871 Tweed was indicted 12 counts of fraud and extortion
Was sentenced to 12 years in jail
Was released after one year
Then was rearrested

19. Corruption in National Politics
Patronage: giving government jobs to people who helped others get elected
Was sometimes called the Spoils System
Often the people in these jobs were not qualified for the jobs

20. Reformers Tried to end corruption in government Tried to end Patronage
Pushed for civil service reform
Government jobs should be awarded based on merit
Political views should not matter

21. Rutherford B. Hayes President 1877-1871
Awarded government jobs in his cabinet to independents
Established a commission to investigate the nation’s custom houses for corruption

22. Garfield 1881
Was a Republican President who had Arthur (a Stalwart) as his VP
Had Blaine (a Liberal who stood for reform) as his Sec. of State

23. Garfield was assassinated in 1881
By Charles Guiteau
Guiteau was upset because he did not get a government job that he wanted
Said, “I am a Stalwart. Now Arthur is President!”

24. Garfield was shot in July
Died in September
Then Arthur was President

25. The Pendleton Act Provided for tests for government jobs
More of a merit system
Also a bipartisan Civil Service Commission was appointed to make the appointments

26. Less financial help From people ho[ing for jobs
So money came from Big Business in exchange for government favors
Businesses made big campaign contributions and it paid off

27. Cleveland 1884-88 The first democrat since the Civil War
Fought for a lower tariff
Hurt Big Business
Lost to Benjamin Harrison in 1888
Harrison favored a high tariff and was supported by Big Business

28. NOTE
Harrison had won the electoral vote but Cleveland had the popular vote
During Harrison’s term the economy took a tumble

29. Election of 1892 Cleveland beat Harrison
The first President to serve two non consecutive termsThen, Panic of 1893
And McKinley, a Republican, won in 1896