1. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT SEC. 21-1 PAGES 610-614
Define: political machine – kickback - patronage –
civil service – trust – muckraker – primary –
initiative- referendum – recall
Identify:
“Boss” William Tweed – Chester Arthur – Pendleton Act – Interstate Commerce Act – Eugene Debs – Ida Tarbell – Upton Sinclair –
Meat Inspection Act – Pure Food & Drug Act – Robert Lafollette – 17th Amendment

2. FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Reformer – someone who wants to change society for the better
Urban problems
Political machines – powerful organizations linked to political parties that controlled government ( jobs – services) in many cities
Political boss – gained votes by doing favors for people – many times bosses were corrupt – took bribes – kickbacks ( contractor padded bill for city work and gave back percentage to boss who awarded job) – got rich

3. SUMMARIZE
Powerful organization linked to political parties that controlled gov’t in cities
Contractor padded bill for city work – gave money to person who hired him
Person who want to change society for the better
Kickback
Political machine
Reformer

4. Thomas Nast William “Boss “Tweed
William “Boss” Tweed – head of New York City Democratic political machine 1860s 1870s Controlled police, courts, newspapers – stole millions in illegal payments from companies doing business with city. Exposed by cartoonist Thomas Nast – Tweed fled to Spain – caught -sent to prison
William “Boss “Tweed
Thomas Nast

5. Fighting the Spoils System
Reformers started:
1. Organizations to make government more honest – Nat’l Municipal
League
2. New forms of government – Galveston, Texas – city gov’t run by
commissioners (5)
3. Small cities hired managers - Tom Johnson – Cleveland mayor – civic
reformer
Patronage - Spoils system – rewarding political supporters with jobs – favors
Pres. Rutherford Hayes and Pres. James Garfield – change spoils system. Pres. Garfield assassinated by angry gov’t worker before he could do anything.
Civil Service – body of nonelected government workers – appoint qualified people
Pres. Chester Arthur – 1883 – Congress passed Pendleton Act – started the Civil Service Commission – set up competitive exams for federal jobs – by 1900 all federal employees hired by Civil Service Commission.

6. CONTROLING BUSINESS
Trust – combination of companies managed by board of directors – too powerful
1890 – Sherman Antitrust Act – law to ban/control monopolies and trusts
First used against labor unions – gov’t stated strikes interfered with trade
Railroads operated as an oligopoly ( market structure in which a few large companies controlled price of the industry). Reformers wanted regulations , but Supreme Court said only Congress could enact legislation to regulate commerce across state lines.
1887 – Interstate Commerce Act – required RR to change rates – publish
Created Interstate Commerce Commission – supervise RR – later trucking
Tariff – tax on imports – Republicans raised tariffs to protect Amer. businesses from international competition. Voters opposed – elected Grover Cleveland president 1892.

7. NEW REFORM IDEAS
Socialist – person who believes industries should be publicly owned – run by gov’t on behalf of all the people rather than private individuals.
Eugene Debs – started American Socialist Party
Progressives alarmed by wealth in hands of few – rejected socialism – supported government efforts to regulate industry.
Change gov’t to make it efficient – resist influence of powerful business interests.
Society has obligation to protect and help all members – especially poor.

8. SUMMARIZE
Vocab term – combination of companies controlled by a board of directors
Vocab term – few large companies control price of an industry.
What group now regulates railroads and today the trucking industry?
What is socialism?
Who was the socialist candidate running for president?

9. Muckrakers
Muckraker – a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in society
a. Lincoln Steffens – exposed corrupt political machines in New York, Chicago - book- The Shame of the Cities
b. Ida Tarbell – wrote on unfair practices in oil trusts- Rockefeller’s Standard Oil

10. c. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle – book on unclean practices in meatpacking industry
Gov’t will pass Meat Inspection Act – inspect meats
Food & Drug Act- accurate labeling of food, medicine, ban sale of harmful food 

11. SUMMARIZE
What vocab term means a person who exposed corruption or abuses in society?
Name two of these people and what area they targeted.
Law that provided for inspection of meats
Law that required accurate labeling of food, medicine, ban sale of harmful food 

12. EXPANDING DEMOCRACY
Robert LaFollette - Wisconsin reformer early 1900s – “Wisconsin Idea”
Change process in state elections – candidates chosen by party bosses
Direct primary – state voters choose their party candidates
Oregon System – gave voters more power – limited political
parties
Initiative – citizens place issue on ballot in state election
Referendum – Voters accept/reject measures proposed by legislatures
Recall – voters remove unsatisfactory elected officials from jobs
Changed way US Senators elected – formerly picked by state
legislatures
17th Amendment – direct election (voters of a state) of senators

13. SUMMARIZE Citizens place issue on state ballot 17th Amendment
Voters remove unsatisfactory elected officials from jobs
State voters choose their own party’s candidates
Voters accept/reject measures proposed by legislatures
People of state elect senators (directly by voters)
17th Amendment
Direct primary
Initiative
Recall
Referendum