1. Early Reforms Chapter 15 Section 1

2. 1) __________________ brought problems. Some used ______________ and _____________ to change laws for their own personal gain. 1870s-1880s – known as the “______________” (covered with ___________) where wealthy people lived very well. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH WEALTH POWER GILDED AGE GOLD

3. Most wealthy did not care about _____________________ or __________. __________________ (dishonesty) spread. Owners of ___________________________ = very rich and powerful. 2) Many rich owners did good things – They created _____________ for the poor as well as built _____________. POOR PEOPLESOCIETY CORRUPTION BIG BUSINESS JOBS MUSEUMS

4. 3) Many rich owners did bad things – They used the ____________________ for their own personal gain. They often ________________ the government to get what they wanted. This was called a “_____________”. They only wanted to help their own ___________________. GOVERNMENT BRIBED KICKBACK BUSINESSES

5. Joke – J.D. Rockefeller “owned the best ____________________ (lawmakers) money could buy.” Cornelius Vanderbilt – wanted to control ___________________ - bribed lawmakers to help his business. He even broke the __________ but did not care. LEGISLATORS RAILROADS LAW

6. 4) In _________________, _______________, and _____________ governments, officials ______________ and ________________. 5) Government officials took _____________ from the wealthy and even took them for __________. NATIONALSTATE CITY LIED CHEATED BRIBES VOTES

7. 6) _______________________ - the most corrupt city in America Some city leaders, or ____________________, controlled the government. The most famous was ______________________________. He controlled ______________________ by giving gifts, jobs and favors to voters in exchange for their votes. NEW YORK CITY POLITICAL BOSSES WILLIAM “BOSS” TWEED ELECTIONS

8. William“Boss”Tweed

9. He received _______________________ in return. He “padded” (added to) city bills – nearly ______________________ in all! He paid ________________________ and _____________________ to be quiet about his illegal activities. KICKBACKS $200 MILLION POLICE OFFICERS CITY WORKERS

10. 7) Americans soon wanted _________________. The _____________________ were overhauled. 1870s – 1880s – jobs were filled by the “__________________” or by “_______________________” – jobs were given to supporters REFORMS CIVIL SERVICES SPOILS SYSTEM PATRONAGE

11. 8) 1870s – President _________________ spoke out against spoils – __________________ did not agree with him. 9) 1880 – President _________________ would not give people jobs without being qualified for them – he was _______________ for this in 1881. 10) The _____________________Act was passed in 1883 – made it the law for people who wanted a government job needed to take a test. HAYES CONGRESS GARFIELD KILLED CIVIL SERVICE

12. Vocabulary Bribe – money paid to get someone to do something against the law Civil Service – system that includes most government workers who are appointed rather than elected Kickback – an illegal payment of money made in return for a favor or service Political machine – a group that controlled a political party

13. Vocabulary Graft – illegal use of political influence for personal gain Tweed Ring – group of corrupt politicians led by William “Boss” Tweed Patronage – giving of government jobs to supporters Stalwarts – those who supported the patronage system Pendleton Act – 1883 – act implementing the merit system in civil service hiring (where people had to take a test and have certain skills for the job)