1. SOL: USII.4c & 9a DISCRIMINATION
Discrimination and segregation against
African Americans intensified
and took new forms in the late
19th and early 20th centuries.

2. Jim Crow Laws Limited the freedom of Blacks
Lynchings against Blacks were common in
the South.
Blacks unsuccessfully looked to the U.S. Court System to safeguard their rights.

3. Separate but Equal?
1896
Plessy vs. Ferguson-upheld a segregated southern society.
The Supreme Court
confirmed legality of
"separate but equal"
in Plessey vs. Ferguson
case
Not a violation
Of the 14th
Amendment
Equal Protection.

4. RESPONSE TO RACISM Ida B. Wells-led a crusade to get the government
to stop lynching
and punish
southern whites.

5. Attended Hampton Institute
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
Former slave, believed that equality could be gained through vocational education and economic success.
He accepted social segregation.
Wrote Up From Slavery
Some blacks thought he was too cautious and faulted him for his acceptance of separation.
Attended Hampton Institute
1st President Tuskegee Institute

6. W.E.B. Du Bois Du Bois would not accept segregation as
Booker T. Washington had.
W.E.B. Du Bois
Believed that education was meaningless without equality.
He supported political equality for African Americans by helping form the NAACP.
Wrote: The Souls of Black Folk.

7. The Student will demonstrate how the U. S. A
The Student will demonstrate how the U.S.A. grew and changed from the end of Reconstruction through the early 20th Century.
Sol-VUS.8d.

8. Working Conditions in the Factories
Dangerous
Child Labor
Long hours, low wages
No benefits
Women labor

9. How did workers respond to unfair treatment by management.
Formed Labor Unions
-1886-AFL-Samuel Gompers
-American Railway Union-Eugene Debs
-Industrial Ladies Garment Union
Unions Organized
-Strikes, slowdowns, sit downs, and boycotts

10. How did Owners Respond? Placed union members on blacklists
Violent confrontations
Yellow dog Contracts
Lockouts

11. Famous Strikes Haymarket Strike Pullman Strike
In the late 1800's, strikes occurred all the time, often ending in violence and little gain for the workers.
Haymarket Strike
Pullman Strike

12. Homestead Strike
In 1892, 13 men were killed in a battle between striking steelworkers and strikebreakers at Carnegie's Homestead steel plant in Pittsburgh.
The strike turned many Americans 
against unions and organized labor, which they blamed for the violence.

13. Corrupt Politicians
Bosses and the political machines controlled the big cities.
Political machines gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants ( jobs, housing)
Some city bosses tried to help new immigrants in order to get their votes.

14. Boss Tweed-Political Machines
One of the most famous of these bosses was Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall
Often fixed elections to keep his political machine in power.

15. The Progressive Movement
a movement to have the government
reform problems created by industrialization
Used government to REFORM problems created by industrialization and social inequality.

16. Goals of the Progressive Movement
Government controlled by the people
Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation
Elimination of social injustices
racism, discrimination, poor work conditions

17. The Government Steps In
Teddy Roosevelt became the first president to seriously attach trusts.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act-Prevents monopolies
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
1935 The Wagner Act- created the NLRB to monitor union & employee relations
1947 Taft-Hartley Act-The President can delay a strike if it threatens national security.

18. A Trust Busting President
Square Deal
Roosevelt’s belief
in a society based on fair
business competition,
and increased welfare
for the needy
Teddy Roosevelt promised a “SQUARE DEAL.”
Equal treatment by ending monopolies & trust.
He earned the nickname the Trust Buster.
26th President

19. Teddy Roosevelt
He worked hard to regulate business and helped establish workers rights
Meat Inspection Act- Government was now allowed to inspect meat shipped interstate
Pure Food and Drug Act- Led to the (FDA) and allowed for regulating food and drugs
Elkins Act- ICC could punish the RR’s that gave rebates to trusts

20. The Muckrakers
Crusading Journalists who sought to expose the abuse of power by crooked politicians & the robber barons.

21. Upton Sinclair- The Jungle
Describes just how terrible conditions for workers were a hundred years ago.
The threat of food contamination from unsanitary factories before corporate greed was put in check by government regulation.

22. JACOB RIIS: REFORMER
In the 1880s his work gravitated towards reform and he worked with other New York reformers then crusading for better living conditions for the thousands of immigrants flocking to New York in search of new opportunities.

23. Progressive Movement reforms: Improved safety conditions
How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?
Progressive Movement reforms:
Improved safety conditions
Reduced work hours
Placed restrictions on child labor
Fresh water was piped  in, lighting was
installed.
Garbage collections and street cleaning

24. More Reforms Elections
Progressives were able to reform the electoral process
this took some of the corruption out of elections
17th amendment- direct election of senators; before state legislators had chosen senators
Secret Ballot- voting process reformed

25. Voter Choice Reforms
Established the Initiative, Referendum, and Recall at the state level.
Initiative the citizens can propose laws.
Referendum the citizens can actually vote on the passage of laws.
Recall citizens can remove state officials