1. Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life in the Gilded Age (1877 – 1900)

2. Laissez-faire Policies Gilded Age – coined by Mark Twain “Hands off” policy toward business Subsidization of business Crooked politicians The Spoils System

3. Reforming the Spoils System 1829- Andrew Jackson Dem. & Rep. both were guilty Pres. Hayes begun reform-no second term Stalwarts and Half- Breeds (R) Factions

4. Arthur Ends the Spoils System James A. Garfield (R) won in 1880 July 2, 1881-Killed by Charles Guiteau Lived for 3 months (VP) Chester A. Arthur is President Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)

5. Railroads, Tariffs, and Trusts 1884 & 1892 – Grover Cleveland (D) def. Blaine (R) - (R) Independents called “Mugwumps” ICA -(ICC) in 1887 Sherman A-T Act (1890) - Harrison (R) Lower Tariffs - Cleveland (D) 1892

6. Immigrants from Europe 1865-1920 - 30 M immigrants came Freedom, Land, Opportunity, Jobs! Ellis Island, NYC (1892) 1865-1890 “Old Immigrants” 1890-1920 “New Immigrants”

7. Immigration from Asia Angel Island (S.F.) From China and Japan Railroad Workers and later Mining, Farming, Factories Discrimination was most extreme for Asians

8. Urban Living Conditions Farm machinery and immigration fueled growth of cities Poorly ran tenement apartments Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (1890)

9. The Rise of Political Machines Organizations to keep their political parties in power Spoils System, Patronage, Graft Ran by “bosses” & appealed to immigrants Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, NYC Cartoonist Thomas Nast Tammany Hall

10. Let Us Prey (1871) – Thomas Nast

11. Ideas for Reform Immigration – Nativists opposed it Prohibition – Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (1874) Vice – Immoral or Corrupt Behavior – NY Society for the Repression of Vice (1873) – Anthony (Comstock Laws) Social Gospel Movement – Charities Settlement Houses – Jane Addams (1889) founded Hull House in Chicago