1. Data SnapShot Series 1.0 March 2015 DATA SNAPSHOT Pulaski County

2. 2 Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.

3. Table of contents Introduction 01 Demography 02 Economy 03 Labor Market 04

4. ​ Purpose ​ About Pulaski County 01 introduction

5. 5 Purpose ​ This document provides information and data about Pulaski County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities. ​ The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county. ​ To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. ​ Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings. Introduction section 01

6. 6 About Pulaski County Introduction section 01 County Background Established1839 County Seat Winamac Area435 sq. mi. Neighboring Counties Cass, IN Fulton, IN Jasper, IN Marshall, IN Starke, IN White, IN

7. ​ Population change ​ Population pyramids ​ Race ​ Ethnicity ​ Educational attainment ​ Takeaways 02 demography

8. 8 Population change Components of Population Change, 2000-2013 Total Change-617* Natural Increase48 International Migration33 Domestic Migration-615 The total population is projected to remain the same between 2013 and 2020. Demography ​ Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change section 02 Pulaski County’s total population decreased by 5 percent between 2000 and 2013. The major contributor to that contraction was domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) with a net loss of over 600 persons. International migration had a positive effect on population with a net increase of 33, indicating that the county experienced a minor influx of new people from outside the U.S. Finally, natural Increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) also contributed 48 people to the population of Pulaski County. Total population projections 2000201020132020 *Total change in population differs from the sum of the components due to Census estimation techniques. Residuals (not reported here) make up the difference.

9. 9 Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender. Approximately 49.6% of the population was female in 2000 (6,817) and that percent remained about the same in 2013. What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 In particular, people 50 and over swelled from 14.7% to 19.6% for males and from 16.6% to 20.1% for females between 2000 and 2013. Individuals of prime working age -- 20-49 years old -- dipped from 20.4% to 17.9% for males and from 19.0% to 17.2% for females. Also declining were the percent of residents under 20 years of age. Male Female 20132000 Male Female

10. 10 Race The number of non-White residents in Pulaski County increased by 1 percentage point between 2000 and 2013. Every race, except White, experienced a numerical increase. The number of individuals of Two or More Races increased the most, by 56 residents, and the population of people who are Native American or of Asian descent in Pulaski County nearly doubled since 2000. Growth in the non-White population helped to modestly expand the population of Other Races from 2 percent to 3 percent of the total population by 2013. Demography ​ Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 2000 2013

11. 11 Ethnicity Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country. There were 187 Hispanics residing in Pulaski County in 2000. This figure expanded to 355 by 2013—a 47.3 percent increase. As a result, Hispanics now make up 3 percent of the overall population, a significant increase since 2000. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 3%3% 1%1% Hispanics - 2000 Hispanics - 2013

12. 12 Educational attainment Pulaski County experienced a 4 percentage point increase in the number of adults (25 and older) with an associates, bachelors, or graduate degree between 2000 and 2013. The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 80 percent in 2000 to 85 percent by 2013. Those with only a high school degree remained at the 45 percent level in both 2000 and 2013. Adults with a college degree increased from 15 percent in 2000 to 19 percent in 2013. This was due to a 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of residents with associate’s degrees (5 percent versus 6 percent), while the proportion of adults with at least a bachelor's degree increased by 3 percentage points (to 13 percent). Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS section 02 2000 2013

13. 13 Takeaways ​ Pulaski County has witnessed a modest decline in its population since 2000, mainly due to domestic out-migration (more people moved out of the county for other U.S. locations than moved into the county). ​ The age structure of Pulaski County is changing. The population is aging and the largest age group of workers (50-59) is nearing retirement age. Additionally, the number of men and women of prime working age (20-29, 30-39 and 40-49) is slowly declining. Moreover, the racial and ethnic make-up of the county is gradually diversifying. In order to maintain the size of the labor force, Pulaski County will have to consider ways to build a vibrant economy with an expanding senior population and a declining pool of workers of prime working age. ​ The educational attainment of adults 25 and over has improved since 2000, but the percent ​ of adults with a high school education remains sizable (at 45%). Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While 1 in 5 adult residents of the county have an associates, bachelors, or higher education, this figure is about 11 percent below the figure for the state of Indiana as a whole. ​ Pulaski County may wish to assess the workforce skills of workers with a high school education only. Enhancing their skills so that they match the needs of local businesses and industries may be a worthy investment. Demography section 02

14. ​ Establishments ​ Industries ​ Occupations ​ Income and poverty ​ Takeaways 03 economy

15. 15 Establishments Components of Change for Establishments Total Change (2000-11) 311 Natural Change (births minus deaths) 311 Net Migration 0 The number of establishments in Pulaski County increased 31% from 2000 to 2011. The steady growth of establishments was due to natural change. That is, 991 units were launched in the county between 2000-2011, while 680 closed, resulting in a gain of 311 establishments. There was no net gain or loss of establishments in the county over the past decade or so. Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments. Definition of Company Stages 0 1 2 3 4 Self- employed 2-9 employees 10-99 employees 100-499 employees 500+ employees Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data.

16. 16 *ReferenceUSA only indicates one Stage 4 company, however, NETS records this company as two separate establishments. Number of establishments by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 20002011 StageEstablishmentsProportionEstablishmentsProportion Stage 0 33934%48337% Stage 1 54755%71955% Stage 2 9710%887% Stage 3 101%121% Stage 4 --2*0% Total 993100%1,304100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees.

17. 17 Number of jobs by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 20002011 StageJobs*ProportionJobs*Proportion Stage 0 3396%4836% Stage 1 1,94332%2,18427% Stage 2 2,21836%2,27528% Stage 3 1,60426%2,06026% Stage 4 --1,00013% Total 6,104100%8,002100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. * Includes both full-time and part-time jobs

18. 18 Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 20002011 StageSalesProportionSalesProportion Stage 0 $ 41,107,292 6%$ 31,926,2855% Stage 1 $261,424,85035%$187,571,07026% Stage 2 $264,983,17035%$191,523,55427% Stage 3 $184,005,26824%$168,192,67124% Stage 4 --$127,897,60018% Total $751,520,580100%$707,111,180100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.

19. 19 Top five industries in 2013 65.2 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Pulaski County. Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (1,288 jobs). Health Care and Social Assistance is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 430 jobs. Of the top five industries in Pulaski County, both Retail Trade (-15.3%) and Health Care & Social Assistance (-5.7%) lost jobs between 2002 and 2013. The remaining three top industries gained jobs over the same time period, with Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, & Hunting gaining the most (percentage-wise) with a 6.3% increase in jobs between 2002 to 2013. Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

20. 20 Industry distribution and change NAICS Code Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Earnings 2013 11Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 875930556%$34,013 21Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction 2721-6-22%$172,439 22Utilities 0000%$0 23Construction 311271-40-13%$36,022 31-33Manufacturing 1,2401,288484%$54,353 42Wholesale Trade 294275-19-6%$58,284 44-45Retail Trade 727616-111-15%$22,139 48-49Transportation & Warehousing 199198-1%$50,805 51Information 4928-21-43%$48,553 52Finance & Insurance 2282572913%$38,849 53Real Estate & Rental & Leasing 1252037862%$22,139 54Professional, Scientific & Technical Services 1221533125%$28,045 55Management of Companies and Enterprises 4234-8-19%$63,121 56Administrative & Waste Management 1121544238%$13,937 61Educational Services (Private) 1520533%$5,866 62Health Care & Social Assistance 456430-26-6%$27,682 71Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 6877913%$10,842 72Accommodation and Food Services 205218136%$10,470 81Other Services (except Public Administration) 38639262%$16,303 90Government (includes public schools) 1,0441,04840%$44,711 99Unclassified Industry <100--100%$0 AllTotal 6,5286,613851%$37,395 Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

21. 21 Industry distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Pulaski County occurred in:  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (+62.4 percent)  Administrative, Support, Waste Management, and Remediation Services (+37.5 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:  Information (-42.9 percent)  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (-22.2 percent) Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 Employment Increase Employment Decrease Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Real Estate & Leasing (+78) Agriculture & Forestry (+55) Retail Trade (-111) Construction (-40)

22. 22 Top five occupations in 2013 The top five occupations in Pulaski County represent 54.5 percent of all jobs. Production (954 jobs) and Management (795 jobs) are the top two occupations in Pulaski County. Transportation & Material Moving is the smallest of the top five occupations with 463 jobs. Of the five top occupations in Pulaski County, only Production (+12.5%) had an increase in jobs between 2002 and 2013. There was no change in the number of jobs in Sales & Related occupations. The three other top five occupations lost jobs, with Office & Administrative Support losing the largest share of jobs (-11.7%). Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

23. 23 SOCDescription Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Hourly Earnings 2013 11Management 797795-20%$20.49 13Business & Financial Operations 1792082916%$22.80 15Computer & Mathematical 4240-2-5%$24.71 17Architecture & Engineering 9179-12-13%$26.47 19Life, Physical & Social Science 1815-3-17%$23.01 21Community & Social Service 687246%$17.84 23Legal 3128-3-10%$30.42 25Education, Training & Library 24135611548%$19.78 27Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media 110103-7-6%$13.63 29Health Care Practitioners & Technical 270207-63-23%$25.93 31Health Care Support 168138-30-18%$11.26 33Protective Service 107104-3-3%$16.20 35Food Preparation & Serving Related 270261-9-3%$9.49 37Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance 1782244626%$9.89 39Personal Care & Service 2422723012%$8.91 41Sales & Related 758 00%$14.19 43Office & Administrative Support 718634-84-12%$13.68 45Farming, Fishing & Forestry 2743053111%$12.88 47Construction & Extraction 279239-40-14%$16.42 49Installation, Maintenance & Repair 285280-5-2%$16.40 51Production 84895410613%$14.88 53Transportation & Material Moving 478463-15-3%$16.99 55Military 4543-2-4%$18.61 99Unclassified 3237516%$10.90 AllTotal 6,5286,613851%$16.01 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

24. 24 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 The largest percentage gains in jobs in Pulaski County occurred in:  Education, Training, and Library (+47.7 percent)  Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (+25.8 percent) The largest percentage loss in employment occurred in:  Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (-23.3 percent)  Healthcare Support (-17.9 percent) Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Education, Training, & Library (+115) Production (+106) Office & Administrative (-84) Healthcare Practitioners & Technical (-63) Employment Increase Employment Decrease

25. 25 Income and poverty 200020062013 Total Population in Poverty 9.5%11.7%14.3% Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty 12.1%17.0%19.9% Real Median Income (2013) $48,335 $47,136 $44,821 The median income in Pulaski County dipped by $3,500 between 2000 and 2013 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation). The total population in poverty swelled from 9.5 percent to 14.3 percent between 2000 and 2013. The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly 8 percentage points over the same period of time. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) section 03

26. 26 Income and poverty Median income in Pulaski County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, generally decreasing since 2005. Poverty rates for minors has stabilized over the past two years, although the rates remain high relative to the early 2000s. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) section 03

27. 27 Takeaways ​ Growth in the number of establishments in Pulaski County occurred primarily in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked but deserve closer attention by local leaders. ​ Pulaski County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 establishments since they employ several people and capture sizable sales. At the same time, employment associated with Stage 3 establishments has expanded at an impressive pace since 2000. ​ Real median income has undergone some dramatic swings since 2000, following a trend of declining income. While poverty rates for minors have dipped since 2010, they remain much higher than in 2000. As for the percent of the total population in poverty, the rate in 2013 was higher than at any point since 2000. The decline in real median income experienced between 2005 and 2013 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during that time period. The largest employment gains between 2000 and 2013 occurred in industries paying average earnings of $30,000 or less and in occupations paying less than $15/hour. At the same time, the occupation that experienced the greatest job losses paid approximately $25/hour (health care practice and technical). No doubt, the ability of the county to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well- trained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults in the county with an associates degree or higher. Exploring the need for people with technical education may be worthwhile in light of the important role that manufacturing continues to play in the county. Economy section 03

28. ​ Labor force and unemployment ​ Commuteshed ​ Laborshed ​ Takeaways 04 labor market

29. 29 Labor force and unemployment 20022013 Labor Force 6,8106,677 Unemployment Rate 5.7%6.3% The labor force in Pulaski County decreased by 1.9 percent between 2002 and 2013. This decrease could be due to a rise in the number of individuals who are either officially unemployed or who have given up looking for a job, or the result of an increase in the number of adults who have left the workforce due to retirement. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics section 04

30. 30 Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 10.5% in 2009. Since that time, the rate has been on a slow but steady decline, dipping to 6.3% by 2013. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics section 04

31. 31 Commuteshed A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its resident labor force travels to work. Sixty-five percent of employed residents in Pulaski County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Lake County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Pulaski County. Twenty-five percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Pulaski County. However, the largest work destination outside Pulaski County is the Greater Chicago metropolitan area (Lake and Jasper Counties), and second largest is the Lafayette metropolitan area (Tippecanoe County). Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 3,754 Out-Commuters 2,038 Same Work/ Home CommutersProportion Lake, IN 2995.2% Tippecanoe, IN 2975.1% Jasper, IN 2925.0% White, IN 2614.5% Starke, IN 2604.5%

32. 32 Commuteshed in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD Seventy percent of Pulaski County’s working residents are employed either in Fulton, Jasper, Lake, Marion, Pulaski, Starke, Tippecanoe, or White Counties. Another five percent commute to Cass County or Porter County. An additional five percent travel to jobs in Marshall County. Collectively, these 11 counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Pulaski County.

33. 33 Laborshed CommutersProportion Starke, IN 2946.3% Cass, IN 2465.3% Fulton, IN 2345.0% White, IN 2094.5% Jasper, IN 1743.7% Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 2,614 In-Commuters 2,038 Same Work/ Home A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees. Fifty-six percent of individuals working in Pulaski County commute from another county. Over one in four of these in-commuters reside in counties that are adjacent to Pulaski County. Starke and Cass Counties are the biggest sources of labor to Pulaski County. Together, they represent nearly 12 percent of Pulaski County’s labor force.

34. 34 Laborshed in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD The bulk (70 percent) of Pulaski County’s workforce is drawn from Cass, Fulton, Jasper, Pulaski, Starke, or White Counties. Another five percent is drawn from Bartholomew, Miami, and Montgomery Counties. An additional five percent comes from Clarke, Harrison, Tippecanoe, Warrick, and Washington Counties. Combined, the 14 counties represent 80 percent of Pulaski County’s laborshed.

35. 35 Takeaways ​ The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Pulaski County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 10 percent by 2009. Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has improved significantly since 2010, now hovering around 6.3 percent. ​ Despite the modest growth in the population over the past decade or more, the county’s labor force has decreased in size since 2002. While it is difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for the drop in the county’s labor force, two possible explanations come to mind. First, an increasing number of unemployed individuals may be discouraged workers who have given up trying to find a job. Or second, more people in the workforce may have opted to retire and their positions have been eliminated or left unfilled. ​ Over 60 percent of Pulaski County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a sizable loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. Conversely, Pulaski draws a number of its employees from surrounding counties in the region. ​ It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county as well as those who live somewhere else but who travel to jobs in Pulaski County. By so doing, local leaders would have a better understanding of the labor force dynamics in the county and determine how they might spur the growth of good paying jobs. In so doing, they could help reduce the number of workers who now commute out of Pulaski County but who would work in their county of residence if decent paying jobs were present. ​ The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development strategies on a regional (multi-county) basis. Labor market section 04

36. 36 Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension. section 04 Data Analysis Indraneel Kumar, PhD Ayoung Kim Report Authors Elizabeth Dobis Bo Beaulieu, PhD Report Design Tyler Wright

37. ​ FOR MORE INFORMATION Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD)... seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity. Purdue Extension Community Development (CD)... works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. Please contact PCRD Mann Hall, Suite 266 Purdue University 765-494-7273 pcrd@purdue.edu