2. Course #7510 Introduction to OSHA for Small Businesses in the
Welcome to
Course #7510
Introduction to OSHA
for Small Businesses
in the
Printing Industry

3. Objectives
Describe the tools OSHA uses to reduce workplace injuries and illnesses
Identify basic employer and employee responsibilities and rights under OSHA
Recognize how OSHA standards are organized and developed
Select the steps of the OSHA inspection process
Recognize the four elements of a safety and health management system
Obtain information about compliance assistance

4. Overview Small Businesses Represent more than 99.7% of employers
Employ more than half of all private sector employees
Pay 44.5% of total U.S. private payroll
Generate 60 – 80% of new jobs annually

5. OSHA’s Establishment – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Law signed on December 29, 1970
To provide worker safety and health protection

6. Why OSHA is Needed Prior to 1970
• More than 14,000 worker deaths annually
• 2.5 million workers disabled by work-related injuries
• Estimated 300,000 cases of work-related illness

7. OSHA’s Impact Since 1970 • Work-related fatalities cut by 62%
• Overall injury and illness rate reduced 42%
Brown lung disease eliminated
Trenching fatalities reduced 35%

8. OSHA’s Tools • Outreach, education and compliance assistance
• Strong, fair and effective enforcement
• Outreach, education and compliance assistance
• Partnerships and other cooperative programs

9. Summary of Section 1 - Background of OSHA
• When was the Occupational Safety and Health Act signed?
Why was OSHA necessary?
What are the 3 tools OSHA uses to fulfill its mission?

10. OSHA Coverage Does not cover:
• All private sector employers and their employees in the U.S. and its territories and jurisdictions
Does not cover:
The self-employed
Immediate members of farming families with no outside workers
Mine workers, certain truckers and transportation workers, atomic energy workers
Public employees
OSHA Coverage

11. OSHA Coverage
Dana Wilson, a public school teacher at Apple Valley Elementary.
Harry Adams, a miner at Below Ground Inc.
Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees of ABC landscaping.
Taylor Dell, an accountant in business for herself.

12. Major Employer Responsibilities
• Provide a workplace free from recognized hazards
Comply with OSHA standards and regulations
Be familiar with standards applicable to your workplace and make copies available

13. Major Employer Rights Obtain free advice and on-site consultation
• Accompany compliance officer on inspection
Request an informal conference
Contest citations and penalties

14. Employee Responsibilities and Rights
Responsibilities include:
Complying with OSHA standards
Wearing required PPE
Reporting hazards to supervisor
Rights include:
Reviewing standards
Receiving training
Requesting an OSHA investigation
Reviewing the OSHA 300 Log

15. Section 11(c) Discrimination can include: Firing or laying off
Blacklisting
Demoting
Denying overtime or promotion
Disciplining
Denial of benefits
Failure to hire or rehire
Intimidation
Reassignment affecting future promotions
Reducing pay or hours

16. Coverage, Responsibilities and Rights
Summary of Section 2 -
Coverage, Responsibilities
and Rights
True or False? The OSH Act covers the self-employed.
Name one of an employer’s three major responsibilities under OSHA.
What is Section 11(c)?

17. OSHA Standards Overview
29 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
1910 – General Industry
1926 – Construction
1915, 1917 & 1918 – Maritime

18. Finding Standards on OSHA’s Website
Click on the graphic to access Text Search on the OSHA website or go to:

19. Frequently Cited Standards in the Printing Industry
Standards cited
Number of times the
standard was cited by Federal OSHA
October 2005 through September 2006.

20. General Duty Clause Section 5(a)(1) of the Act
Employers must furnish a place of employment free from recognized hazards
Applies when there is no specific standard

21. How OSHA Develops Standards
OSHA initiates or in response to petitions from other parties
Intention to propose, amend, or revoke a standard published in the Federal Register
Interested parties may submit written information; OSHA may schedule a public hearing
Final outcome is a standard or amendment, or a determination that none is necessary

22. Reporting and Recordkeeping
Report fatality/catastrophes within 8 hours
Maintain injury and illness records
Post annual summary February 1 to April 30
If your company had ten (10) or fewer employees at all times during the last calendar year, you do not need to keep OSHA injury and illness records unless OSHA or the BLS informs you in writing that you must keep records under § or § However, as required by § , all employers covered by the OSH Act must report to OSHA any workplace incident that results in a fatality or the hospitalization of three or more employees.

23. Summary of Section 3 - Standards
OSHA standards are broken into parts. Which part contains standards for General Industry?
What must employers report to OSHA within eight hours?

24. Inspection Priorities
Imminent danger
Catastrophes and fatal accidents
Employee complaints
Referrals
Planned or Targeted inspections
Follow-up inspections

25. Inspection Process
Opening conference
Walk Around
Closing conference

26. Opening Conference Purpose of inspection is described
A copy of the complaint is provided, if applicable
Employees are included, unless employer objects
Scope of the inspection is discussed, including:
Private employee interviews
Physical inspection of the workplace and records
Possible referrals
Discrimination complaints
Closing conference

27. Walk Around Representatives
Generally include employer designated and employee designated representatives

28. Records Review Compliance Officer:
Checks that OSHA poster is displayed
Reviews injury and illness records for three prior calendar years
Checks for posting of Injury and Illness Summary (February 1 – April 30)

29. Walk Around Inspection
The main purpose of the walk around inspection is to identify potential safety and/or health hazards in the workplace
Walk around includes:
Evaluation of safety and health program
Recording of all facts pertinent to an apparent violation
Collecting samples
Taking photographs and video
Interviews
Apparent violations shall be brought to the attention of employer and employee representatives at the time they are documented. For each apparent violation, CSHO’s will record (at a minimum) the identity of the exposed employee, the hazard to which the employee was exposed, the employee’s proximity to the hazard, the employer’s knowledge of the condition, and the manner in which important measurements were obtained.
The CSHO determines as soon as possible after the start of the inspection whether sampling, such as but not limited to air sampling and surface sampling, is required by utilizing the information collected during the walk around and from the pre-inspection review.
Summaries of the results are provided to the appropriate employees and employer representatives.
Interviews - Section 8(a)(2) of the Act authorizes the CSHO to question any employee privately during regular working hours in the course of an OSHA inspection. Individual interviews are authorized even when there is an employee representative present.

30. Abatement Assistance
CSHO’s will offer appropriate abatement assistance during the walk around as to how workplace hazards might be eliminated
The information will provide guidance to the employer in developing acceptable abatement methods or in seeking appropriate professional assistance
Use of specific product names when recommending abatement measures does not imply OSHA endorsement of any product or service

31. Closing Conference
At the conclusion of an inspection, the CSHO conducts a closing conference with the employer and the employee representatives, jointly or separately, as circumstances dictate.
The closing conference may be conducted on site or by telephone, as determined by the CSHO

32. OSHA Citations Inform employers and employees of:
Regulations and standards the employer allegedly violated
Hazardous working conditions
Proposed length of time set for abatement of hazards
Any proposed penalties

33. Citations and Penalties
The CSHO reports findings to the area director, who evaluates them
If a violation exists, OSHA will issue a Citation and Notification of Penalty
Citations and notices of proposed penalties are sent by certified mail
Employer must post a copy of each citation at or near place where violation occurred, for 3 days or until violation abated, whichever is longer
Employers must comply with the posting requirements even if they contest the citation.

34. Violations and Penalties Other-than-serious Serious (up to $7,000)
Willful (up to $70,000)
Repeated (up to $70,000)
Failure to abate

35. Appeals Process
May seek an informal conference or settlement prior to contest
Contest must be done within 15 working days
In writing to area office

36. Informal Conferences
Before deciding whether to file a contest, employers are encouraged to request an informal conference
Informal conferences must be held within the 15 working day contest period

37. Informal Conferences and Settlement
During informal conferences, employers can:
Obtain a better explanation of the violations or standards
Negotiate and enter into an informal settlement agreement
Discuss methods of correction or problems with abatement dates
Resolve disputed citations and penalties
Obtain answers to other questions

38. Additional Information
More information about informal conferences, the appeals process, and employer options following an OSHA inspection is available in:
OSHA Publication 3000, Employer Rights and Responsibilities Following an OSHA Inspection

39. OSHA Inspection Process
Summary of Section 4 -
OSHA Inspection Process
What are the stages of an OSHA inspection?
What are the types of OSHA violations?

40. Safety and Health Management System
Four elements:
Management Leadership and Employee Involvement
Worksite Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Control
Safety and Health Training

41. Element 1 - Management Leadership and Employee Involvement
Motivating force and resources
Safety and health is a fundamental value
Employee Involvement
Workers develop and express their own commitment to safety and health, for themselves and fellow workers

42. Element 2 – Worksite Analysis
Involves 4 major actions:
Comprehensive survey of facility
Change analysis
Routine job hazard analyses (JHA)
Periodic and daily inspections

43. Element 3 – Hazard Prevention and Control
Systems used to prevent and control hazards include:
Engineering controls
Safe work practices
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment

44. Element 4 – Safety and Health Training
Types of training include:
Orientation training
Hazard recognition training
Training required by OSHA standards
Emergency response training
Accident investigation training
Emergency drill training

45. & Health Management System
Summary of Section 5 -
Implementing a Safety
& Health Management System
What are the four elements of a safety and health management system?
What are some important factors in making your safety and health program successful?

46. Office of Small Business Assistance
Administers On-Site Consultation Program
Serves as liaison within OSHA for small businesses
Provides outreach and compliance assistance to small businesses
The Office of Small Business Assistance works to ensure that OSHA provides small businesses with all of the rights they are entitled to under SBREFA.
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, or SBREFA was designed to give small businesses assistance in understanding and complying with government regulations and more of a voice in the development of proposed new regulations. Under SBREFA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and other Federal agencies must:
Produce Small Entity Compliance Guides for some rules
Be responsive to small business inquiries about compliance with the agency’s regulations
Submit final rules to Congress for review
Have a penalty reduction policy for small businesses OSHA’s Penalty Reduction Policy is as follows:
60 percent PENALTY REDUCTION if an employer has 25 or fewer employees
40 percent if the employer has employees
20 percent if the employer has employees
Involve small businesses in the development of some proposed rules through Small Business Advocacy Review Panels.
- OSBA coordinates OSHA's participation in Regulatory Fairness Hearings sponsored by the SBA

47. Click on the slide title to access the Quick Start page or go to:

48. On-Site Consultation Program
Free, confidential advice to small and medium-sized businesses
Priority to high-hazard worksites
Separate from enforcement
No penalties or citations
Employers may qualify for a one-year exemption from routine inspections
Since 1975, Onsite Consultation has:
Conducted over a half million Onsite Consultation visits, and
Removed more than 25 million employees from hazards
Mandated under section 21d of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Onsite Consultation Program has been serving small businesses for over 30 years. During this time, the program has had a profound impact on businesses and their employees all over the country.

49. Other Cooperative Programs

50. Compliance Assistance
Compliance assistance resources
Compliance Assistance Specialists (CASs)
OSHA website

51. Training OSHA Office of Training and Education
OSHA Training Institute Education Centers
In addition, under OSHA’s Outreach Training Program, individuals who complete a one-week OSHA training course are authorized to teach 10-hour or 30-hour courses in construction or general industry safety and health standards.
This is the agency’s primary way to train workers in the basics of occupational safety and health. Over the past four years, over 1.2 million students have received training through this program.
For additional information, go to:

52. Summary of Section 6 - Assistance to Small Businesses
What are some benefits of working with the On-Site Consultation program?
How would you obtain information on resources available to small businesses?

53. Review of Objectives
Describe the tools OSHA uses to reduce workplace injuries and illnesses
Identify basic employer and employee responsibilities and rights under OSHA
Recognize how OSHA standards are organized and developed
Select the steps of the OSHA inspection process
Recognize the four elements of a safety and health management system
Obtain information about compliance assistance

54. Closing
Any questions?
Remember to turn in evaluation forms