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Arts, Media, and Sports Unit 6 part 1
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Overview What is Art? Media and Culture Sports and Culture
Art and Religion Locating art Art and individuality Representation of art and culture Art and communication Art and politics The cultural transmission of the arts The artistic career Continuity and change Media and Culture Using the media Assessing the effects of television Sports and Culture Football What determines international sports success?
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What is Art? What is art to you? Is art the same to everyone?
Is there a such a thing as a universal standard to art?
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Art and Religion Art and Religion have similar issues when discussing
Both have definitions of “extraordinary” Both will distinguish between art and ordinary If we treat religion in a special way, should we do the same with art? What makes art different from ordinary? Jacques Maquet: Something that stimulates and sustains contemplation; compels attention and reflection. Stresses the importance of the object’s form in producing artistic contemplation
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What is Art? Art: includes visual arts, literature (written and oral), music, and performance art Art is sometimes called expressive culture Dance, music, painting, sculpture, pottery, cloth, stories, drama, comedy, etc. Many cultures lack a term that can be translated to “art” but all cultures associate an aesthetic pleasure and experience from similar things Aesthetic: appreciation of qualities perceived in art
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Art and Religion Art and religion are usually tied together
Art can be displayed in public places making places special – just like religion What are some other ways art and religion are similar?
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Art and Placement Is art only art when it’s put in a special place?
We tend to use special critics to tell us what is art and what is not
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Debate! Are video games art?
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Art and the Individual Should art and the individual be automatically tied? How important is it for an artist to be given credit for his work? Many non-western countries focus on social nature and context for art, not the individual To what extent can a work of art stand apart from its artist?
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The Work of Art Is art a form of expressive freedom or work?
The word opera is a play on the word opus which means a work For artists, art is work Non-state societies, artists must find time for basic survival and art State societies see artists as specialists Most are part-time How much work is art? When is art completed?
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Art, Society, and Culture
Art has existed for more than 70,000 years First cave drawings in Blombos Cave in South Africa Europe had cave paintings going back about 30,000 years ago Portable music instruments also show evidence of art and music Art is for more than the artists – it is evaluated, exhibited, and performed for society Art is for the spectators and the audience, not just the artist
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Ethnomusicology Ethnomusicology – comparative study of the musics of the world as an aspect of culture and society Study and analysis of music itself and instruments used to create it Music as a way to explore culture, determine the role – historic and contemporary – that music plays in society, and the specific cultural features that influence how music is created and performed.
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Ethnomusicology In today’s world, musical styles are mixed together into World Music or World Fusion Music is considered a cultural universal Musical abilities seem to run in families Maybe a music gene Most mothers around the world sing to their children in a similar way
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Ethnomusicology Music is the most social of the arts
Usually puts people in groups Folk music – of the people, i.e. the at, music, and lore or ordinary people Originally came from European peasants Contrast with the “high” or “elite” culture of European elites
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Art and Communication Art is a form of communication between artist and community There are some intermediaries Actors translate works an ideas from other artists into performance for the audience to appreciate Musicians play and sing compositions of other people along with music they have composed Choreographers use music written by others to plan and direct patterns of dance
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Art and Politics What is art’s social role? What extent should art serve society? Many art that shocks and offends in its time becomes accepted and valued later Artists are seen as aloof from society, creating art for themselves and elites that makes fun of ordinary people.
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Art and Communication Art can convey several messages.
It can teach lessons the artist or society wants Can lead to catharsis – intense emotional release Most art is meant to create an enduring message What role does the artist’s intent play in a work of art?
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The Cultural Transition of the Arts
Appreciation of art depends on cultural background Art is part of enculturation as well as formal education What is aesthetically pleasing is based on culture Different cultures begin their teaching of the arts at different ages
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The Artistic Career In some societies children are born into family lines that require art as a career Other societies view art as a calling They discover they have a certain talent Artists must have some kind of support in order to succeed Family or other patrons Arts are considered neither practical nor ordinary, relying on talent
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Continuity and Change Art changes over time and some stay the same
Some art survives (Greek plays and cave paintings) while other goes away The idea of traditional vs. change Combinations from different cultures
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Media and Culture Mass culture (also called popular culture) spreads much quicker than before Give a framework of common experiences to a culture Media messages can be analyzed for their nature, symbolism, and effects
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Media and Culture Media consumers select, evaluate, and interpret media in way that make sense to them Popular culture can be used to express discontent and resistance by groups who feel powerless or oppressed Parents will pick messages that reinforce their own opinions and life choices Media gives connection to a wider world – real or imaginary
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Sports and Culture How do sports and media reflect culture?
How does sports and media influence culture?
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(American) Football Huge spectator sport with millions of fans
Popularity based on mass media, especially television Is football popular because Americans are violent? No…just a popular American past time Features key aspects of American life Teamwork Based on specialization and division of labor Sports travel well across countries Baseball popular in Japan
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What Determines International Sports Success?
Why do certain countries excel at sports? Cultural values, social forces, and the media influence international sports success Media can heighten interest in all kinds of sports In US, Super Bowl is a national event. The Olympics get extensive coverage The World Cup is the only sports event that consistently draws huge national audiences in Brazil
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Brazil vs. US In Brazil, outstanding athletes represent Brazilians the same way Congress represents the US A win by a Brazilian team or individual is thought to brig respect to the whole nation The media is very intolerant of losers Brazil has fewer athletes than US so a single one has to summarize the entire country’s hopes
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Being vs. Doing Some factors that contribute to sports success is ascribed or achieved status Can’t do much about ascribed status, you can change achieved status In US, success comes through achievement – what you do In Brazil, it comes from being, not doing Identity rests on where you are from (social class) and extended family Rules are not uniform across social classes Victories and sports are for the privileged few
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