1. Dr Johann Riedel & Prof Kulwant S Pawar Centre for Concurrent Enterprising School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering & Management University of Nottingham, UK Johann.Riedel@Nottingham.ac.uk www.cosiga.com (C) University of Nottingham 2002 COSIGA - A Simulation Game for Concurrent Engineering/ NPD Training

2. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 The COSIGA Project

3. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Concurrent Engineering -What is Needed  Support for the practice of CE  Knowledge about how to do CE: – How to really work in parallel – How to co-operate – How to work in a distributed, multi- national, multi-cultural environment  Communication and social skills  Continuous Professional Development

4. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Educational Simulation Games - Advantages  Exploit the potential of gaming  Experience instead of just to perceive  Games motivate, make curious, are attractive, entertain  Productive diversion from daily routine work  Immediate feedback about actions  Real life allows no errors, but simulation does  Yield good learning results

5. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Target users  Universities who apply COSIGA to teach –product design –team work –management –CE  Industrial companies who apply it for training all disciplines of their: –engineers –designers –design engineers –industrial engineers –managers –product / project managers –marketing –purchasing –finance

6. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 The COSIGA game Preconditions  CE is widely accepted as good engineering practice  Many companies practice CE  Many methods, tools, systems are used  Focus: management perspective What is missing?  No engineers and practitioners’ viewpoint

7. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 The COSIGA Game COSIGA - A Concurrent Engineering Simulation Game  an internet based multimedia simulation game  using internet & telecommunications  to interact as a team  in a product development scenario  in a Concurrent Engineering environment.

8. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Game Set-Up INTERNET Designer Purchase Manager (e.g. United Kingdom) Project Manager (e.g.France) Marketing Manager (e.g. Germany) Production Manager (e.g. Finland)

9. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Simulation & Communication simulation game communication module

10. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 The Players  Team role-play game –Project Manager –Marketing Manager –Designer –Production Manager –Purchasing Manager  5 players per game  One player per computer  Communication Means (email, video conferencing, IRC Text chat & telephone)

11. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 COSIGA - The Game  Product Design scenario (a truck) –well-known, catchy and universal  Simulates product design process - from market specification to production  Specify the product, design product, configure factory & produce  BUT: Match Market demands & Production constraints –product specification & design versus: –production processes, production constraints –purchased components (specification, quantity, quality, supplier), stock levels

12. Designer

13. Project Manager

14. The Factory

15. (C) University of Nottingham 2002  Three Pronged Approach:  Situational Awareness: Physical & Virtual Collocation  Cognitive Analysis of Impact on Players’ Thinking/ Learning  Analysis of Communication Pattern Analysing the Benefits

16. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Physical-Virtual Collocation Experimental Setup Collocated – all in one room Virtual – all but 2 in separate offices

17. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Situational Awareness  Context specific questions relating to:  Confidence level in information,  Completeness of information  Ease or difficulty in understanding /decision making  Ease or difficulty because of concurrent tasks  Ease or difficulty because of the capacity to complete

18. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Virtual – Collocated Gap Ease of Understanding Virtual Collocated hours Less More Virtual team’s understanding becoming worse with time and collocated team’s understanding improving with time.

19. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Cognitive Analysis: CE Concepts Questionnaire

20. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Pre-Gaming CE Cognitive Map 6 = share information continuously 7 links

21. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Post Gaming CE Cognitive Map 6 = share information continuously 9 links

22. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Preliminary Results (1 Individual) Blue = CE improvementOrange = Game effect

23. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Individual CE Profile Relatively Positive Experience Marketing Manager

24. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Individual CE Role Profiles Marketing Manager DesignerProduction Manager

25. (C) University of Nottingham 2002  Improvement in players’ CE understanding occurred  Difference by role played –Marketing: Relatively Positive –Designer: Very Positive –Production: Weaker Response  Individual CE Profile  -> Scientific approach to – improving the game – improving its learning outcomes Preliminary Cognitive Results

26. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Communication - Role Analysis Summary 1  Asking Info (37%) –Purchaser, Production, Designer  Giving Info (12%) –Purchaser, Manager, Marketing, Designer, Production  Requesting Action (time) (17%) –Purchaser, Marketing, Production, Designer  Cajoling Action (9%) –Manager, Purchaser & Production

27. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Communication - Role Analysis Summary 2  Compliment/Acknowledgement (2%) –Manager, Designer, Production  Frustration (5%) –Purchaser, Production, Designer, Marketing  Non-Task (9%) –Purchaser, Manager, Production

28. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Analysis of Benefits - Conclusion  COSIGA Simulation Game Successfully Simulates the Process of Designing Products –Both Analyses of Benefits Confirmed this  Information was asked and given by those expected to do so  Frustration experienced by Purchaser & Production, but not Designer & Marketing  Very good team building tool

29. (C) University of Nottingham 2002 Conclusion  CE needs new education & training approaches –How to do CE, co-operate, parallelism  Simulation games can meet this need –Group gaming, Experiential  COSIGA is a new approach for education of personnel involved in NPD –learning goals focus on how-to do CE not on tools –CE simulation –co-operation

30. (C) University of Nottingham 2002