2. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 But, we replace our forests with cities, highways & golf courses. Emissions Reduction Option 1: Increase the use of carbon sinks (such as forests where 70% of all photosynthesis occurs). Stop destroying forests, and grow more trees.

3. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 The forest cover is already too small to help reducing global warming. How long does it take to grow a tree like this?

4. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Emissions Reduction Option 2: Change to non-CO 2 emitting energy sources What are they? Nuclear Hydro Renewables (Geothermal, Solar, Wave, Tidal, Wind, Biomass and Biogas) Muscle Power

5. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Energy from sustainably managed renewable sources Ulf Bossel – October 2005 Solar energyPhotovoltaicDC electricity thermalAC electricity, hot water, space heating etc. Wind energyAC electricity HydropowerAC electricity Ocean energywaves, tidesAC electricity GeothermalheatAC electricity, hot water, space heating etc. Biomass & organic waste heat, organic fuels Biomass & organic waste heatAC electricity, hot water, space heating etc.

6. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 World Energy Consumption by Fuel (in 10 15 BTU) http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table18.xls

7. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 World Energy Consumption by Fuel (in %) http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table18.xls

8. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 World Energy Consumption by Fuel (in %) http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table18.xls

9. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 World Energy Consumption by Fuel (in %) http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table18.xls

10. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 There is no immediate financial benefits for a switch to renewable energy in the profit- oriented energy markets.

11. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 More people More pollution Emissions Reduction Option 3: Reduce Population

12. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 If you are in USA, you will be lighting 18.5 bulbs, each with 200 W power If you are in China, you will be lighting 3 bulbs, each with 200 W power Electricity use in 2006

13. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 in 2005

14. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 in 2005

15. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 CO2 emissions per capita has stronger links with GDP per capita than with population.

16. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Emissions Reduction Option 4: Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Controversial since permanent storage of CO 2 underground is not guaranteed

17. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Controversial since the impacts on marine ecosystem (very fragile) are not known

18. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Discussion Point 7: What could you do to limit the CO 2 emissions below the sustainable limit as an engineer? Take 10 mins.

19. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Food for thought: What are the Engineering Challenges to sustainability? Global climate change Energy production and use Food production Resources depletion Toxics in the environment Making sustainable lifestyles attractive Base for your CP551 project

20. R. Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 The supreme Greek God Zeus told Prometheus: “You may give men such gifts as are suitable, but you must not give them fire for that belongs to the Immortals.” – Roger Lancelyn Green Tales of the Greek Heroes Puffin Classics