1. Evaluation of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) Resources: The Benefits of Earth Observation Systems Evaluation of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) Resources: The Benefits of Earth Observation Systems 1 Jean Dubranna, Thierry Ranchin Centre Observation, Impacts, Energy, MINES ParisTech Centre Observation, Impacts, Energy, MINES ParisTech

2. What are we talking about? 2 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015  Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) Technologies  Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)  Tidal currents  Waves  Earth Observation Systems (EOS)  Remote sensing (satellites and radars)  In-situ  Numerical models Measurements

3. Main Variables Thermal energy (OTEC) Equator High latitudes ∆T > 20°C 3 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

4. Main Variables Hydrokinetic energy (waves - tidal currents) Wave spectrum Currents Directional Non-directional Profile Surface or Depth-average Faster Deeper Freq. (Hz) Pow. spec. density (m².s²) 4 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

5. Wave buoys Earth Observation Systems (EOS) HF Radar Satellite On-site Remote sensing Numerical models Drifting float ADP Fixed sensors 5 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

6. Principle of resource assessment Numerical models/Hindcasts Calibration/Validation Resource (P, Hs, Umax, Temp.) Measurements 6 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

7. Global OTEC resource ∆T, 0-1000m, June 2012 HYCOM, 1/12°resolution 7 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

8. Global OTEC resource ∆T, 0-1000m, June 2012 8 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

9. Global tidal current resource Tidal current average velocity – IRENA Global Atlas © Noveltis 0 m/s 0,25 m/s 0,01 m/s 0,1 m/s 9 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

10. Global wave power resource Annual mean wave power density Source:Gunn and Stock-Williams, 2012 10 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

11. Relevance of EOS Minimum geographical extent Duration of the time series 10km ~1km ~100m ~10m Global National Régional 1 yr 5 yrs 10 yrs 20 yrs 50 yrs Site Preliminary Stage ($) Development Stage ($$$$) Site characterization Establish detailed site- specific characteristics for a given project Design – Site- specific constraints Development and O&M planification Operation Monitoring of resource and production Resource/production benchmarking Resource forecast O&M monitoring Spatial resolution SEA-STATE HINDCASTS Development of an MRE project Relevance of the EOS First order characterization of the resource Preliminary site selection SITE-SCALE MEASUREMENT NETWORK HOMERE

12. Homere hindcast (Boudière et al. 2013) 1h Time-step/1994 to 2012 37 basic variables FRANCE UK Wave height Wave period Current velocity … 10 km 12 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

13. IREMARE: end-user oriented characterization of the resource Average wave power National scale Site scale Tidal currents Wave power 13 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

14. WeatherWindows Var. Resource Time Series of Elec. Production Wave Directional Characteristics Current Directional Characteristics Scatter Diagrams Technical Data Point-specific

15. Roadmap for MRE resource assessment, ~3 to 5 years Assessment from global sea- state hindcasts – a few months – low cost Assessment from dedicated sea-state hindcast (high resolution, ~20 year simulation) + Onsite measurements for calibration/validation – a few years – moderate costs Extensive onsite measurement network for calibration/validation/benchmarking – Site-specific forecasting system 15 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

16. A CCURATE (MRE) RESSOURCE EVALUATION CAN NOT BE DISREGARDED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN ACTION PLAN FOR ACCELERATING UPTAKES OF RENEWABLES 16 Island energy transitions: Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables June 22-24, 2015

17. Color Maps Regional/Site scale 10 km Techno.-specific electricity production (kWh/kW installed)