1. Describe a Wave

2. Chapter 14 Waves & Energy Transfer

3. Wave A rhythmic disturbance that carries energy through matter

4. Wave Pulse A single bump or disturbance that travels through a medium

5. Continuous Wave The rhythmic disturbance that travels through a medium

6. Types of Waves

7. Transverse Wave A wave that vibrates perpendicular to the wave motion

8. Transverse Wave A good representation would be a sine wave

9. Longitudinal Wave A wave that vibrates parallel to the wave motion

10. Longitudinal Wave A good representation would be a slinky

11. Surface Wave A wave that travels on the border of two mediums

12. Surface Wave Have both transverse & longitudinal characteristics

13. Surface Wave Good examples are swells or surface water waves

14. Mechanical Waves Waves that require a medium

15. Electromagnetic Waves Waves that do not require a medium

16. Ray A vector representing the wave & its direction

17. Measuring Waves

18. Wave Speed How fast a wave is moving through a medium

19. Wave Speed v =  d/  t

20. Wave Speed Measured in m/s

21. Wave Speed All waves move at a constant speed in a given medium

22. Crest Trough Amplitude Wavelength ( )

23. The distance between corresponding points in a wave

24. Wavelength ( ) Measured in m or some form of m

25. Displacement The perpendicular distance a wave vibrates from zero

26. Amplitude The maximum displacement a wave vibrates from zero

27. Frequency (f)( ) The number of waves per unit time

28. Frequency Measured in hertz (Hz) (cycles/s or waves/s)

29. Period (T) The time measured in (s) for one wave to pass or the time for one cycle

30. Frequency Period Formula T = 1/f

31. Wave Velocity Formula v = f

32. You are 525 m from a clock tower. You hear a clock’s chime at 436 Hz in 1.50 s. Calculate: v, T, & of the sound wave

33. You shout towards a wall 0.685 km away producing a 75 cm wave. You hear the echo in 4.00 s. Calculate: v, T, & f

34. Surface Waves At wave boundaries exhibiting both transverse & longitudinal properties

35. Wave Speed All waves move at a constant speed in a given medium

36. Waves passing from one medium to another

37. Incident Wave The waves that strikes a boundary of a given medium

38. Reflected Wave The waves that bounces off the boundary & returns

39. Transmitted Wave The waves that passes from one medium to another

40. Wave Behavior When waves pass from one medium to another they are both transmitted & reflected

41. Radio waves travel at 3.00 x 10 8 m/s. Calculate the wavelength of your favorite radio station.

42. Wave Behavior Waves transmitted from one medium to another stay in phase or do not invert

43. Wave Behavior The amplitude change in both transmitted waves & reflected waves is dependent on % transmitted

44. Wave Behavior When colliding with a more dense medium, reflected waves invert

45. Wave Behavior When colliding with a less dense medium, reflected waves stay erect or in phase

46. Wave Behavior When waves pass from one medium to another of, the frequency remains constant

47. Wave Behavior When waves pass from one medium to another of different density, the speed changes

48. Wave Behavior The speed of longitudinal waves is proportional to the density of the medium

49. Wave Behavior The speed of transverse waves is inversely proportioned to the density of the medium

50. Wave Behavior v = f, thus is inversely proportioned to f

51. A tsunami is formed 1800 km away producing a 60 ft tidal wave that strikes shore 3.0 hr later. Calculate: v wave in m/s

52. Interference The effect of two or more waves passing through a medium simultaneously

53. Principle of Superposition At the point where 2 or more waves meet, the total displacement is the sum of all the individual displacements

54. Constructive Interference When the interference of waves is crest to crest

55. Constructive Interference Will result in waves of larger amplitude

56. Destructive Interference When the interference of waves is crest to trough

57. Destructive Interference Will result in waves of smaller amplitude

58. Node A point in a medium that goes through no displacement when waves pass through each other

59. Node A point in a medium that goes through no displacement when waves pass through each other

60. Antinode A point in a medium that goes through maximum displacement when waves pass through each other

61. Standing Wave The result of identical waves moving in opposite directions

62. Standing Wave A guitar string is a good example

63. Waves in Two Dimensions

64. Reflected Wave When a wave bounces off a wave boundary

65. Law of Reflection When a wave strikes a boundary at an angle other than normal, the reflected angle equal the angle of incident

66. Law of Reflection  reflection =  incident  

67. Refraction When a wave strikes a boundary at an angle other than normal, the angle of the transmitted ray is changed

68. Refraction The bending of waves passing from one medium to another due to speed change

69. Less Dense Medium More Dense Medium Normal

70. Diffraction The bending of waves around a barrier

71. Diffraction When a wave passes through a small opening, the wave will exit in a semi-circular pattern

73. Three waves (1.0 m, 0.60 m, & 0.50 m) pass simultaneously through a medium. Calculate maximum & minimum displacement:

74. Red light with a wavelength of 600.0 nm travels through space at 3.00 x 10 8 m/s. Calculate its: frequency & period

75. A 60.0 Hz note from a base guitar travels through a hot room at 360 m/s. Calculate its: wavelength & period

76. A series of 6.0 ft waves move towards an island. Determine the side of the island where the waves will be the largest. Front of back

77. Three waves (2.0 m, 1.5 m, & 1.2 m) pass simultaneously through a medium. Calculate maximum & minimum displacement:

78. Blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm travels through space at 3.00 x 10 8 m/s. Calculate its: frequency & period

79. An 85 Hz note from a bass guitar travels through a room at 340 m/s. Calculate its: wavelength & period

80. Island Phenomenon

81. Answer the questions on page 268 & 269, and work problems a on page 269.